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Planta Med 2014; 80(08/09): 676-681
DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1368585
Biological and Pharmacological Activity
Original Papers
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

In Vitro Antiplasmodial Activity of Benzophenones and Xanthones from Edible Fruits of Garcinia Species

James T. Lyles
1   Lehman College and The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
2   Present address: Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
,
Adam Negrin
1   Lehman College and The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
,
Shabana I. Khan
3   National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
4   Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
,
Kan He
5   Present address: Herbalife International, Torrance, CA, USA
,
Edward J. Kennelly
1   Lehman College and The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

received 12 May 2014
revised 12 May 2014

accepted 14 May 2014

Publication Date:
25 June 2014 (online)

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Abstract

Species of Garcinia have been used to combat malaria in traditional African and Asian medicines, including Ayurveda. In the current study, we have identified antiplasmodial benzophenone and xanthone compounds from edible Garcinia species by testing for in vitro inhibitory activity against Plasmodium falciparum. Whole fruits of Garcinia xanthochymus, G. mangostana, G. spicata, and G. livingstonei were extracted and tested for antiplasmodial activity. Garcinia xanthochymus was subjected to bioactivity-guided fractionation to identify active partitions. Purified benzophenones (1–9) and xanthones (10–18) were then screened in the plasmodial lactate dehydrogenase assay and tested for cytotoxicity against mammalian (Vero) cells. The benzophenones guttiferone E (4), isoxanthochymol (5), and guttiferone H (6), isolated from G. xanthochymus, and the xanthones α-mangostin (15), β-mangostin (16), and 3-isomangostin (17), known from G. mangostana, showed antiplasmodial activity with IC50 values in the range of 4.71–11.40 µM. Artemisinin and chloroquine were used as positive controls and exhibited IC50 values in the range of 0.01–0.24 µM. The identification of antiplasmodial benzophenone and xanthone compounds from G. xanthochymus and G. mangostana provides evidence for the antiplasmodial activity of Garcinia species and warrants further investigation of these fruits as dietary sources of chemopreventive compounds.

Key words

Garcinia - Clusiaceae - benzophenone - xanthone - antiplasmodial activity - structure-activity relationships

Supporting Information

 

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