Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 und Sport – Blutzuckerkontrolle durch Ausdauer- und Krafttraining

Prävalenz und Inzidenz des Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 haben in den letzten Jahrzehnten drastisch zugenommen und werden aktuellen Prognosen zufolge weiter rasant steigen. Eine wichtige kausale Rolle spielen hierbei Änderungen im Gesundheitsverhalten, vor allem hyperkalorische Ernährung und Bewegungsmangel. Dabei setzt der aktive, kontrahierende Muskel molekulare Mechanismen in Gang, die insulinunabhängig die Zuckeraufnahme in die Muskelzellen erhöhen und damit die Insulinsensitivität verbessern. Regelmäßige sportliche Aktivität ist daher von großer Bedeutung in der Vorbeugung von Diabetes mellitus. Schließlich gibt es mittlerweile klare Evidenzen dafür, dass sowohl Ausdauer- als auch Krafttraining effektiv in der Blutzuckerkontrolle der manifesten Diabetes-Erkrankung wirksam sind. Sport und Bewegung sind daher unverzichtbare Eckpfeiler in der Prävention und Therapie des Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 und sollten wie ein Pharmakon in Intensität und Umfang individuell abgestimmt appliziert werden.

Prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes have been increased drastically within the last decades and will further raise in the future according to actual predictions. Life style changes such as hypercaloric diet and inactivity play a major role in this development. In contrast, the exercising muscle induces a number of molecular signaling mechanisms leading finally to an enhanced glucose uptake of the muscle cell and to an improved insulin sensitivity. An active life style is therefore of major importance for type 2 diabetes prevention. Moreover, there is now clear evidence that both endurance and strength training are effective in blood glucose control of the diabetic patient. Therefore exercise is a cornerstone for prevention and therapy of type 2 diabetes and should be prescribed like a drug in an individual manner with respect to type, intensity and duration.

Key words

Type 2 diabetes - blood glucose control - exercise therapy - HbA_1c - insulin sensitivity - endurance training - strenght training

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