Int J Sports Med 2014; 35(06): 489-493
DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1355418
Training & Testing
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Systematic Bias between Running Speed and Metabolic Power Data in Elite Soccer Players: Influence of Drill Type

P. Gaudino
1   Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
2   Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
,
F. M. Iaia
2   Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
,
G. Alberti
2   Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
,
R. D. Hawkins
1   Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
,
A. J. Strudwick
1   Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
,
W. Gregson
1   Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
3   ASPIRE, Academy for Sports Excellence, Doha, Qatar
› Institutsangaben
Weitere Informationen

Publikationsverlauf



accepted after revision 23. August 2013

Publikationsdatum:
28. Oktober 2013 (online)

Abstract

The aims of the present study were to: i) evaluate the agreement between estimates of high-intensity activity during soccer small-sided games (SSGs) based on running speed alone and estimated metabolic power derived from a combination of running speed and acceleration; ii) evaluate whether any bias between the 2 approaches is dependent upon playing position or drill characteristics. 3 types of SSGs (5vs5, 7vs7 and 10vs10) were completed by 26 English Premier League outfield players. A total of 420 individual drill observations were collected over the in-season period using portable global positioning system technology. High-intensity activity was estimated using the total distance covered at speeds>14.4 km · h−1 (TS) and the equivalent metabolic power threshold of > 20 W · kg−1 (TP). We selected 0.2 as the minimally important standardised difference between methods. High-intensity demands were systematically higher (~100%, p<0.001) when expressed as TP vs. TS irrespective of playing position and SSG. The magnitude of this difference increased as the size of SSG decreased (p<0.01) with a difference of ~200% observed in the 5vs5 SSG. A greater difference between TP and TS was also evident in central defenders compared to other positions (p<0.05) particularly during the 5vs5 SSG (~350%). We conclude that the high-intensity demands of SSGs in elite soccer players are systematically underestimated by running speed alone particularly during “small” SSGs and especially for central defenders. Estimations of metabolic power provide a more valid estimation as to the true demands of SSGs.

 
  • References

  • 1 Atkinson G, Davison RC, Nevill AM. Performance characteristics of gas analysis systems: what we know and what we need to know. Int J Sports Med 2005; 26: S2-S10
  • 2 Casamichana D, Castellano J. Time-motion, heart rate, perceptual and motor behaviour demands in small-sides soccer games: effects of pitch size. J Sports Sci 2010; 28: 1615-1623
  • 3 Cavagna GA, Komarek L, Mazzoleni S. The mechanics of sprint running. J Physiol 1971; 217: 709-721
  • 4 Dellal A, Chamari K, Owen AL, Wong DP, Lago-Peñas C, Hill-Haas SV. Influence of technical instructions on the physiological and physical demands of small-sided soccer games. Eur J Sport Sci 2011; 11: 341-346
  • 5 di Prampero PE, Fusi S, Sepulcri L, Morin JB, Belli A, Antonutto G. Sprint running: a new energetic approach. J Exp Biol 2005; 208: 2809-2816
  • 6 Di Salvo V, Gregson W, Atkinson G, Tordoff P, Drust B. Analysis of high intensity activity in Premier League soccer. Int J Sports Med 2009; 30: 205-212
  • 7 Gaudino P, Gaudino C, Alberti G, Minetti AE. Biomechanics and predicted energetics of sprinting on sand: hints for soccer training. J Sci Med Sport 2013; 16: 271-275
  • 8 Gaudino P, Iaia FM, Alberti G, Strudwick AJ, Atkinson G, Gregson W. Monitoring training in elite soccer players: systematic bias between running speed and metabolic power data. Int J Sports Med 2013; 134: 963-968
  • 9 Harriss DJ, Atkinson G. Update – ethical standards in sport and exercise science research. Int J Sports Med 2011; 32: 819-821
  • 10 Hill-Haas SV, Dawson B, Coutts AJ, Rowsell GJ. Physiological responses and time-motion characteristics of various small-sided soccer games in youth players. J Sports Sci 2009; 27: 1-8
  • 11 Hill-Haas SV, Dawson B, Impellizzeri FM, Coutts AJ. Physiology of small-sided games training in football: a systematic review. Sports Med 2011; 41: 199-220
  • 12 Hill-Haas SV, Rowsell GJ, Dawson BT, Coutts AJ. Acute physiological responses and time-motion characteristics of two small-sided training regimes in youth soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 2009; 23: 111-115
  • 13 Iaia FM, Rampinini E, Bangsbo J. High-intensity training in football. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2009; 4: 291-306
  • 14 Jenninngs D, Cormack S, Coutts AJ, Boyd LJ, Aughey RJ. Variability of GPS units for measuring distance in team sport movements. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2010; 5: 565-569
  • 15 Minetti AE, Moia C, Roi GS, Susta D, Ferretti G. Energy cost of walking and running at extreme uphill and downhill slopes. J Appl Physiol 2002; 93: 1039-1046
  • 16 Osgnach C, Poser S, Bernardini R, Rinaldo R, di Prampero PE. Energy cost and metabolic power in elite soccer: a new match analysis approach. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010; 42: 170-178
  • 17 Perneger TV. What’s wrong with Bonferroni adjustments. BMJ 1998; 316: 1236-1238
  • 18 Portas MD, Harley JA, Barnes CA, Rush CJ. The validity and reliability of 1-Hz and 5-Hz global positioning systems for linear, multidirectional, and soccer-specific activities. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2010; 5: 448-458
  • 19 Rampinini E, Impellizzeri FM, Castagna C, Abt G, Chamari K, Sassi A, Marcora SM. Factors influencing physiological responses to small-sided soccer games. J Sports Sci 2007; 25: 659-666
  • 20 Randers MB, Mujika I, Hewitt A, Santisteban J, Bischoff R, Solano R, Zubillaga A, Peltola E, Krustrup P, Mohr M. Application of four different football match analysis systems: a comparative study. J Sports Sci 2010; 28: 171-182
  • 21 Varley MC, Fairweather IH, Aughey RJ. Validity and reliability of GPS for measuring instantaneous velocity during acceleration, deceleration, and constant motion. J Sports Sci 2012; 30: 121-127
  • 22 Vigne G, Gaudino C, Rogowski I, Alloatti G, Hautier C. Activity profile in elite Italian soccer team. Int J Sports Med 2010; 31: 304-310
  • 23 Vincent WJ. Statistics in Kinesiology. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 1999
  • 24 Waldron M, Worsfold P, Twist C, Lamb K. Concurrent validity and test-retest reliability of a global positioning system (GPS) and timing gate to assess sprint performance variables. J Sports Sci 2011; 29: 1613-1619
  • 25 http://sportsci.org, http://sportsci.org/resource/stats/precision.html