Neuroprotective efficacy of Punica granatum peels extract against rotenone induced oxidative stress in rat brain

EA Omara; SA Nada; SA El-Toumy; O Abdel-Salam

doi:10.1055/s-0033-1351982

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Planta Med 2013; 79 - PB37
DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1351982

Neuroprotective efficacy of Punica granatum peels extract against rotenone induced oxidative stress in rat brain

EA Omara ¹, SA Nada ², SA El-Toumy ³, O Abdel-Salam ⁴

¹Pathology Department, National Research Center, El-Bohouth St. Dokki, 12622, Cairo, Egypt
²Pharmacology Department, National Research Center, El-Bohouth St. Dokki, 12622, Cairo, Egypt
³Chemistry of Tannins Department, National Research Center, El-Bohouth St. Dokki, 12622, Cairo, Egypt
⁴Department of Toxicology and Narcotics, National Research Center, El-Bohouth St. Dokki, 12622, Cairo, Egypt

Congress Abstract

Punica granatum has the highest free radical scavenging capacity among the tested medicinal plants which are being used traditionally for the treatment of large variety of several diseases (1). The present study was aimed to investigate the antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of P. granatum peels aqueous methanol extract against rotenone-neurotoxicity in rat. The animals pretreated with P. granatum peels extract 75 and 150 mg/kg 60 min before of rotenone injection (2 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. Rotenone significantly reduced dopamine, glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) contents and locomotors activity; as well as, It increased malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the brain homogenate. P. granatum significantly reversed the reduction of antioxidant enzyme system toward the normal values in dose dependant manner. Histopathological examination indicated severe damage in cortex and striatum; this damage significantly attenuated by P. granatum peels extract. In addition, immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that P. granatum peels extract-treated groups had significant suppression in caspase-3, cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Conclusion: P. granatum peels extract could ameliorate brain oxidative stress induced by rotenone via upregulating the antioxidant defense mechanism and by attenuating lipid peroxidation. P. granatum peels extract thus may be used as potential therapeutic agent in preventing neurodegenerative diseases.

*Tab. 1:* Levels of lipid peroxides (LPO). reduced glutathione (OSH) and the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-Stransferase (GST), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the cerebellar tissue of normal and experimental groups of rats treated with Rotenone (2 mg/kg) and *P. granatum* (75 & 150 mg/kg) for 4 weeks.
Parameters	Control	Rotenone	P. granatum (75 mg/kg) + Rotenone	P. granatum (150 mg/kg) + Rotenone
Dopamine ng/mg tissue	2.31 ± 0.03^A	1.42 ± 0.07^B	2.24 ± 0.05^C	2.63 ± 0.08^A
GSH ug/g tissue GPX U/g tissue	2.62 ± 0.06^A 275.3 ± 1.90^A	1.31 ± 0.05^B 192.11 ± 2.11^B	2.77 ± 0.04^AC 250.15 ± 2.50^C	2.84 ± 0.07^C 280 20 ± 2.31^A
GST ug/g tissue SOD U g/g tissue	1280 ± 18.21^A 14.32+ 0.38^A	987 ± 11.3^B 12.45 ± 0.29^B	1053 ± 14.1^C 15.7 ± 0.34^C	1345 ± 17.2^D 18.1 ± 0.42^C
CAT U/g tissue MDA N g/g tissue	12.3 ± 1.22* 135.2 ± 2.78^A	8.10 ± 1.1^B 278.1 ± 3.22^B	13.7 ± 1.9^C 171.8 ± 3.51^C	15.6 ± 0.81^C 148. 2 ± 2.91^D
Locomotor *	180 ± 2.2^A	12.11 ± 1.3^B	150.1 ± 2.4^C	177 ± 2.4^A
ANOVA – one way (the different capital letters are significantly different at P < 0.05). Data represent mean values (± SE) of 8 rats per group *Locomotor activity: Number of spontaneous movements/6 minutes (second).

References:

[1] Singh et. al. (2002). Studies on the antioxidant activity of pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel and seed extracts using in vitro models. J Agric Food Chem, 50:81 – 6.