Herstellung und In-vitro-Analyse einer Polyethylenimin-Beschichtung auf Herniennetzen

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund: Bestimmte Beschichtungen wie etwa Titan können die Biokompatibilität von Herniennetzen verbessern. Beschichtungen mit Biopolymeren wie Polyethylenimin (PEI) können ebenfalls die Materialeigenschaften von Implantaten verbessern, dieser Ansatz wurde aber bisher noch nicht an Herniennetzen untersucht. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war daher die Klärung der Frage, ob und wie Herniennetze mit ihrer 3-dimensionalen Struktur erfolgreich mit PEI beschichtet werden können und mit welchen Verfahren sich diese Beschichtung am besten nachweisen lässt.
Methoden: Handelsübliche Netze aus Polypropylen, Polyester und ePTFE wurden mit PEI beschichtet. Die Beschichtung wurde durch einen Zytotoxizitäts- und Zellproliferationstest, die konfokale Laser-Scanning- und Elektronenmikroskopie sowie Röntgenfotoelektronenspektroskopie (XPS) analysiert.
Ergebnisse: Die Oberflächenmodifikation durch PEI lässt Mausfibroblasten schneller und zahlreicher auf der Netzoberfläche anwachsen. Aufgrund der 3-dimensionalen Netzstruktur zeigten sowohl die XPS als auch die konfokale Laser-Scanning-Mikroskopie Schwächen in der Durchführbarkeit und Aussagekraft, wobei die XPS insgesamt bessere Resultate lieferte. Der elektronenmikroskopische Zellnachweis ist nicht gelungen. Im Zytotoxizitätstest fand sich kein Hinweis für eine Zellschädigung über 24 Stunden.
Schlussfolgerung: Die hier vorliegenden Ergebnisse zeigen erstmalig, dass eine PEI-Beschichtung von Herniennetzen möglich und effektiv ist. Die PEI-Beschichtung kann schnell und kostengünstig realisiert werden. Bis eine solche Beschichtung allerdings in der klinischen Routine zum Einsatz kommen kann, sind weitere Untersuchungen sowohl hinsichtlich der Beschichtungsqualität als auch der Zytotoxizität notwendig. Insgesamt stellt PEI ein vielversprechendes Polymer dar, dessen Potenzial im Hinblick auf die Beschichtung medizinischer Implantate weiterer Forschung wert ist.

Abstract

Background: Certain coatings such as titanium may improve the biocompatibility of hernia meshes. The coating with biopolymers such as polyethylenimine (PEI) can also improve the material characteristics of implants. This approach has, however, not yet been explored. Thus, it was the aim of the present work to clarify if and how hernia meshes with their three-dimensional structure can be successfully coated with PEI and with which technique this coating can be best analysed.
Methods: Commercially available meshes made from polypropylene, polyester and ePTFE have been coated with PEI. The coating was analysed via cell proliferation test (mouse fibroblasts), electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and fluorescence microscopy. Cell viability and cytotoxicity were tested by the MTT test.
Results: With the PEI surface modification, mouse fibroblasts grow faster and in greater numbers on the mesh surface. XPS as well as fluorescence microscopy show weaknesses in their applicability and meaningfulness because of the three-dimensional mesh structure while XPS showed overall better results. Optical proof in the electron microscope after cell fixation was not unambiguously accomplished with the techniques used here. In the MTT test, no cellular damage from the PEI coating was detected after 24 hours.
Conclusion: The present results show for the first time that PEI coating of hernia meshes is possible and effective. The PEI coating can be achieved in a fast and cost-efficient way. Further investigations are necessary with respect to coating quality and cytotoxicity before such a coating may be used in the clinical routine. In conclusion, PEI is a promising polymer that warrants further research as a coating for medical implants.

Schlüsselwörter

Hernie - Herniennetz - Polyethylenimin - Beschichtung - Biokompatibilität

Key words

hernia - hernia mesh - polyethylenimine - surface coating - biocompatibility

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