Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related death
worldwide, and the incidence of HCC continues to rise. Improved understanding of risk
factors for HCC has allowed the development of more effective prevention and surveillance
strategies to reduce the global burden of this malignancy. Because of the complex
nature of HCC, arising in a background of chronic liver dysfunction and often associated
with viral infection, appropriate treatment requires a multidisciplinary approach
designed to control the cancer and treat the underlying liver disease. Treatment approaches
vary based on disease stage and severity, making accurate diagnosis and staging of
disease critical. This has been aided by the development of new staging criteria,
such as the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Staging System. For earlier-stage disease,
resection, radiofrequency ablation, transplantation, and transarterial chemoembolization
(TACE) are preferred treatment modalities that provide optimal outcome. Until recently,
few treatment options existed for patients with more advanced disease. Improved understanding
of the underlying biology of the disease and the development of molecularly targeted
therapies, including the multitargeted angiokinase inhibitor sorafenib, has improved
outcomes in this patient population. Research into therapeutic targets and novel agents
continues for more advanced disease.
Keywords
hepatocellular carcinoma - liver cancer - BCLC staging - sorafenib
