Malignome – Vor und nach Nierentransplantation

Durch das zunehmend höhere Lebensalter sowohl der Organspender als auch der Empfänger spielen maligne Tumore eine immer größere Rolle in der Transplantationsmedizin. Präexistente Tumoren sollten zwingend vor einer Organentnahme ausgeschlossen werden, um eine Tumorübertragung zu vermeiden. Durch die steigende Anzahl von Organtransplantationen und das zunehmend längere Organüberleben infolge der verbesserten Immunsuppression kommt es auch zu einem weiteren Anstieg der Frequenz von De-novo-Malignomen. Durch eine individualisierte Immunsuppression und damit verbundener Dosisreduktion sowie ein Tumor-Screening-Programm kann dieses Problem reduziert werden.

Because of older transplant donors and recipients, malignancies following renal transplanation are an important medical problem during the long follow-up. In order to prevent a tumor cell transmission, pre-existing malignancies should be excluded before renal transplantation. Because of the higher number of organ transplantations and a longer organ survival caused by the improvement of the immunosuppression therapy, an increase of de novo carcinomas occurs. With an individual modulation of the immunosuppression therapy, the risk of de novo carcinomas can be reduced. Transplant recipients should undergo a regular screening program before and after renal transplantation to detect a potentially malignant tumor at an early stage.

Key words

malignancies - renal transplantation - long follow-up - immunosuppression - de novo carcinomas

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