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Horm Metab Res 2012; 44(04): 268-272
DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1301898
Original Basic
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Activation of Imidazoline I-2B Receptors by Allantoin to Increase Glucose Uptake into C2C12 Cells

M. F. Chen
1   Department of Nursing and Biotechnology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Jen-Te, Tainan City, Taiwan
,
T. T. Yang
2   Department of Pathology, School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, and Department of Radiology in E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
,
L. R. Yeh
2   Department of Pathology, School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, and Department of Radiology in E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
,
H. H. Chung
3   Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
,
Y. J. Wen
3   Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
,
W. J. Lee
4   Department of Emergency Medicine and Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Yong Kang, Tainan City, Taiwan
,
J. T. Cheng
3   Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
4   Department of Emergency Medicine and Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Yong Kang, Tainan City, Taiwan
5   Institute of Medical Science, College of Health Science, Chang Jung Christian University, Guei-Ren, Tainan City, Taiwan
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

received 01 November 2011

accepted 12 January 2012

Publication Date:
20 February 2012 (online)

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Abstract

Allantoin, an active principle of the yam, belongs to the group of guanidinium derivatives and has been reported to lower plasma glucose in diabetic animals. Recent evidence indicates that activation of the imidazoline I2B receptor (I2BR) by guanidinium derivatives also increases glucose uptake; however, the effect of allantoin on I2BR is still unknown. Glucose uptake into cultured C2C12 cells was determined using 2-[14C]-deoxy-d-glucose as a tracer. The changes in 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) expression were also identified by Western blotting analysis. The allantoin-induced glucose uptake action was dose-dependently blocked by BU224, a specific I2R antagonist, in C2C12 cells. Moreover, AMPK phosphorylation by allantoin was found to be dose-dependently increased in C2C12 cells using AICAR treatment as a reference. In addition, both actions of allantoin, the increases in glucose uptake and AMPK phosphorylation, were dose-dependently attenuated by amiloride in C2C12 cells. Moreover, compound C at concentrations sufficient to inhibit AMPK blocked the allantoin-induced glucose uptake and AMPK phosphorylation. Thus, we suggest that allantoin can activate I2BR to increase glucose uptake into cells, and propose I2BR as a new target for diabetic therapy.

Key words

allantoin - 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase - BU224 - glucose uptake - imidazoline receptor
 

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