Abstract
Tolmetin (TMT, CAS 26171-23-3) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) indicated
for the relief of signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile
rheumatoid arthritis. As TMT causes gastro-intestinal side effects like other NSAIDs,
its non-acidic prodrug amtolmetin guacil (AMG, CAS 87344-06-7) was synthesized. AMG
has similar NSAID properties like TMT with additional gastroprotective property. The
aim of this study was to investigate whether TMT and AMG are differentially metabolised
in rat and human plasma (fresh and acidified) and liver microsomes. TMT was found
to be stable in all the matrices tested viz., rat and human plasma (fresh and acidified)
and liver microsomes. AMG was found to be stable only in acidified rat and human plasma.
On the contrary, in fresh human plasma and human liver microsomes AMG was rapidly
converted to two metabolites, which were subsequently identified as MED5 and MED5
methyl ester, without yielding any intact TMT. However, in rat fresh plasma and liver
microsomes, AMG formed MED5 (predominant) and TMT. To corroborate the in vitro findings,
in vivo pharmacokinetics (PK) studies were done following separate dosing of AMG in
both rats and humans. In rats, the PK data substantiated that following oral administration
of AMG it will be converted to TMT resulting in similar PK parameters observed for
TMT when it was administered alone. In humans, however, AMG yields low levels of TMT
which substantes the in vitro results. Levels of AMG were not detectable in the plasma.
These results confirm the species differences in the in vitro and in vivo metabolism
and disposition of AMG. More research work to further explore and understand AMG metabolism
in humans is required.
Key words
Amtolmetin guacil, humans, metabolism, pharmacokinetics, rats - CAS 26171-23-3 - CAS
87344-06-7 - Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs - Tolmetin
