Download PDF
Zeitschrift für Phytotherapie 2011; 32(6): 260-265
DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1286036
Übersicht
Lippenherpes
© Haug Verlag in MVS Medizinverlage Stuttgart GmbH & Co. KG

Antivirale Phyto-Wirkstoffe zur topischen Behandlung von banalen, rezidivierenden Lippenherpes-Episoden

Jürgen Reichling
1   Institut für Pharmazie und Molekulare Biotechnologie, Abteilung Biologie, Universität Heidelberg
,
Paul Schnitzler
2   Department für Infektiologie, Virologie, Universität Heidelberg
› Author Affiliations
Subject Editor:
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
25 January 2012 (online)

    Permissions and Reprints

Zusammenfassung

Ätherische Öle verschiedener Pflanzen sowie alkoholische Extrakte aus Lamiaceen (Lippenblütlern) haben sich bei In-vitro-Studien als außerordentlich wirksam gegen Herpes-simplex-Viren vom Typ 1 (HSV-1) erwiesen. Mithilfe des Plaquereduktionstests konnte gezeigt werden, dass die geprüften Pflanzenprodukte v.a. zellfreie Viren inaktivieren und somit deren Infektiosität sehr stark reduzieren oder ausschalten können. Zellfreie HS-Viren treten beim Patienten primär während der Bläschenphase auf. Das Sekret der Bläschen ist hoch infektiös und stellt eine wichtige Infektionsquelle für suszeptible, noch seronegative Mitmenschen, insbesondere Kleinkinder dar. Alkoholische Extrakte aus Braunelle, Melisse und Pfefferminze zeigten in unseren experimentellen Studien einen dualen Wirkmechanismus, indem sie nicht nur zellfreie Viren inaktivierten, sondern bei Vorbehandlung der Wirtszellen die Infektion dieser Zellen mit HSV-1 um über 80 % reduzierten. Der letzte Befund weist darauf hin, dass diese Extrakte die Virusanheftung an die Wirtszellen erfolgreich blockieren können. Interessanterweise waren sowohl die ätherischen Öle als auch die Lamiaceen-Extrakte in der Lage, auch die Infektiosität von Aciclovir-resistenten Herpesviren entscheidend zu reduzieren. Diese Beobachtung dürfte in erste Linie darauf zurückzuführen sein, dass der virale Replikationszyklus von HSV-1 durch Aciclovir und die Pflanzenprodukte an unterschiedlichen Stellen inhibiert wird. Erste klinische Studien lassen erkennen, dass Patienten mit rezidivierenden Lippenherpes-Episoden von der topischen Behandlung mit ätherischen Ölen und Melissenblattextrakten profitieren.

Summary

Phyto-antiviral agents for the topic treatment of recurrent herpes labialis episodes

During in-vitro studies, essential oils of various origins and alcoholic extracts of plants of the mint family (Lamiaceae) have proven extraordinarily effective against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Using the plaque reduction test, the investigated plant products could be shown to inactivate cell-free virions and thus reduce or erase their infectiosity. Cell-free HSV virions mainly occur during the blistering phase. The highly infectious secretion of the blisters is an important source of infection for susceptible humans, especially seronegative babies and children. In our experimental studies, alcoholic extracts of self-heal (Prunella vulgaris), lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) and peppermint (Mentha x piperita) exhibited a dual mechanism by inactivating cell-free virions and also by reducing the infection of cells pretreated with these extracts by more than 80 %. This latter finding indicates that these extracts can effectively block virus attachment to host cells. Interestingly, the essential oils as well as the Lamiaceae extracts were also able to decisively reduce the infectivity of acyclovir-resistant herpesviruses, probably due to the fact that acyclovir and the plant drugs inhibit the viral replication cycle of HSV-1 in different locations. Preliminary clinical studies indicate that patients with recurring herpes labialis episodes may benefit from the topic treatment with essential oils and lemon balm extracts.

Schlüsselwörter

Antivirale Wirkung - Herpes-simplex-Viren - HSV-1 - ätherische Öle - Lamiaceen-Extrakte

Key words

Antiviral activity - Herpes simplex virus - HSV-1 - essential oils - Lamiaceae extracts
 

  • Literatur

  • 1 Reichling J, Patz B, Schnitzler P. Lippenherpes – Virusinfektion mit rezidivierenden Attacken. Pharm Ztg 2003; 148: 2194-2200
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Morfin F, Thouvenot D. Herpes simplex virus resistance to antiviral drugs. J Clinic Virol 2003; 26: 29-37
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Reichling J. Plant-microbe interaction and secondary metabolites with antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral properties. In: Wink M, ed. Functions and biotechnology of plant secondary metabolites. 2nd edition. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell; 2010: 214-347
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Schnitzler P, Schön K, Reichling J. Antiviral activity of Australian tea tree oil and eucalyptus oil against herpes simplex virus in cell culture. Pharmazie 2001; 56: 343-347
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Schumacher A, Reichling J, Schnitzler P. Virucidal effect of peppermint oil on the enveloped viruses herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 in vitro. Phytomedicine 2003; 10: 504-510
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Reichling J, Koch C. Stahl-Biskup E et al. Virucidal activity of a ß-triketone-rich essential oil of Leptospermum scoparium (manuka oil) against HSV-1 and HSV-2 in cell culture. Planta Med 2005; 71: 1123-1127
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Schnitzler P, Koch C, Reichling J. Susceptibility of drug-resistant clinical herpes simplex virus type 1 strains to essential oils of ginger, thyme, hyssop, and sandalwood. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51: 1859-1862
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Koch C, Reichling J. Kehm R et al. Efficacy of anise oil, dwarf-pine oil and chamomile oil against thymidine-kinase-positive and thymidine-kinase-negative herpesviruses. J Pharm Pharmacol 2008; 60: 1545-1550
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Schnitzler P, Schumacher A, Astani A, Reichling J. Melissa officinalis oil affects infectivity of enveloped herpesviruses. Phytomedicine 2008; 15: 734-740
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Siddiqui YM, Ettayebi M, Haddad AM, Al-Ahdal MN. Effect of essential oils on the enveloped viruses: antiviral activity of oregano and glove oils on herpes simplex virus type 1 and Newcastle disease virus. Med Sci Res 1996; 24: 185-186
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 De Logu A, Loy G. Pellerano ML et al. Inactivation of HSV-1 and HSV-2 and prevention of cell-to-cell virus spread by Santolina insularis essential oil. Antiviral Res 2000; 48: 177-185
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Saddi M, Sanna A. Cottiglia F et al. Antiherpes activity of Artemisia arborescens essential oil and inhibition of lateral diffusion in Vero cells. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2007; 6: 1-10
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Amoros M, Simoes CM. Girre L et al. Synergistic effect of flavones on flavonols against herpes simplex virus type 1 in cell culture: Comparison with antiviral activity of propolis. J Nat Prod 1992; 55: 1732-1740
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Astani A, Reichling J, Schnitzler P. Comparative study on the antiviral activity of selected monoterpenes derived from essential oils. Phytother Res 2010; 24: 673-679
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Astani A, Reichling J, Schnitzler P. Screening for antiviral activities of isolated compounds from essential oils. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2011; doi: 10.1093/ecam/nep 187
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Benencia F, Courrèges MC. In vitro and in vivo activity of eugenol on human herpesvirus. Phytother Res 2000; 14: 495-500
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Bourne KZ, Bourne N, Reising SF, Stanberry LR. Plant products as topical microbicide candidates: assessment of in vitro and in vivo activity against herpes simplex type 2. Antiviral Res 1999; 42: 219-226
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Reichling J, Nolkemper S, Stintzing FC, Schnitzler P. Impact of ethanolic Lamiaceae extract on herpesvirus infectivity in cell culture. Forsch Komplementmed 2008; 15: 313-320
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Schnitzler P, Nolkemper S, Stintzing FC, Reichling J. Comparative in vitro study on the anti-herpetic effect of phytochemically characterized aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Salvia officinalis grown at two different locations. Phytomedicine 2008; 15: 62-70
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Carson CF, Ashton L, Dry L et al. Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil gel (6%) for the treatment of current herpes labialis. J Antimicrob Chemother 2001; 48: 450-451
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Koytchev R, Alken RG, Dundarov S. Balm mint extract (Lo-701) for topical treatment of recurring herpes labialis. Phytomedicine 1999; 6: 225-230
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Wölbling RH, Millbradt R. Klinik und Therapie des Herpes simplex. Vorstellung eines neuen phytotherapeutischen Wirkstoffes. Therapiewoche 1984; 34: 1193-1200
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Wölbling RH, Rappich K. Herpes simplex. Zur Verträglichkeit von Lomaherpan®Creme bei der Behandlung des Herpes simplex. Therapiewoche 1985; 35: 4057-4058
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Vogt HJ, Tausch I, Wölbling RH, Kaiser PM. Melissenextrakt bei Herpes simplex (eine Placebo-kontrollierte Doppelblindstudie). Allgemeinarzt 1991; 13: 832-841
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Saller R, Büechi S, Meyrat R, Schmidhauser C. Combined herbal preparation for topical treatment of herpes labialis. Forsch Komplementmed 2001; 8: 373-382
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar