Zusammenfassung
Ziel: Bei älteren Patienten mit reduzierter Knochenqualität sind Insuffizienzfrakturen
des Os sacrum relativ häufig und typischerweise mit starken, invalidisierenden Schmerzen
verbunden. Ziel unserer Studie war die Überprüfung der Durchführbarkeit und Sicherheit
einer Sacroplastie mittels Ballonkatheter sowie der Schmerzreduktion. Material und Methoden: Bei 25 Patienten wurde im MRT eine Os-sacrum-Fraktur diagnostiziert. Als Ausdruck
eines noch vorhandenen Knochenumbauprozesses fand sich bei allen Patienten im MRT
in den stark T 2-gewichteten Bildern ein deutliches Ödem. Bei allen Patienten wurde
eine CT-gesteuerte Ballon-Sacroplastie durchgeführt. Um eine Zementverteilung in longitudinaler
Achse zur Fraktur zu erreichen, wurde der Ballonkatheter über eine Hohlnadel in das
Os sacrum von kaudal nach kranial oder von kraniodorsal nach kaudoventral eingebracht.
Der dadurch geschaffene Hohlraum wurde dann mit PMMA-Zement aufgefüllt. Anschließend
erfolgte ein Kontroll-CT sowie eine konventionelle Röntgenaufnahme in zwei Ebenen.
Die Schmerzintensität wurde vor der Intervention, am 2. Tag, 6 und 12 Monate nach
Intervention mittels visueller Analogskala (VAS) bestimmt. Ergebnisse: Bei allen Patienten ließ sich die Ballon-Sacroplastie technisch gut durchführen.
Im Kontroll-CT und der Röntgenkontrolle fand sich im Os sacrum eine ausreichende Zementverteilung,
eine Zementleckage war nicht nachweisbar. Der Mittelwert für Schmerzen nach VAS lag
vor der Intervention bei 8,3, am 2. postoperativen Tag zeigte sich eine deutliche
Schmerzreduktion mit einem durchschnittlichen Wert von 2,7, dieses war mit 2,5 auch
noch nach 6 und 12 Monaten stabil. Schlussfolgerung: Die Ballon-Sacroplastie ist eine effektive Behandlungsmethode zur schnellen Schmerzreduktion
bei Patienten mit Insuffizienzfrakturen des Os sacrum.
Abstract
Purpose: In older patients with reduced bone quality, fatigue fractures of the os sacrum are
relatively common and are typically accompanied by strong, disabling pain. The aim
of our study was to verify the feasibility and safety of sacroplasty using a balloon
catheter as well as the reduction of pain. Materials and Methods: 25 patients were diagnosed with an os sacrum fracture in MRI. As a manifestation
of an extant bone reconstruction process, all patients were diagnosed with distinctive
edema on the basis of MRI strong T 2-weighted images. CT-controlled balloon sacroplasty
was performed in all patients. To allow the cement to be dispensed at a longitudinal
angle to the fracture, the balloon catheter is directed through a hollow needle in
the os sacrum either from the caudal to the cranial direction or from the craniodorsal
to the caudoventral direction. The thus created cavity was then filled with PMMA cement.
A control CT and a conventional X-ray in two planes were then carried out. The pain
intensity was defined by means of VAS before the intervention, on the second day,
and 6 and 12 months after the intervention. Results: The balloon sacroplasty yielded good technical performance in every patient. The
control CT and the X-ray control of the os sacrum showed adequate distribution of
the cement, and cement leakage was not detected. Before the operation, the average
pain encountered was in accordance with VAS 8.3. On the second postoperative day,
a considerable reduction with an average of 2.7 was reported, and this remained stable
with an average of 2.5 after 6 and 12 months. Conclusion: Balloon sacroplasty is an effective treatment method for fast pain relief in patients
with fatigue fractures of the os sacrum.
Key words
fatigue fracture - os sacrum fracture - osteoporosis - balloon sacroplasty - interventional
pain relief
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Priv.-Doz. Dr. Reimer Andresen
Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie/Neuroradiologie, Westküstenklinikum
Heide, Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus der Universitäten Kiel, Lübeck und Hamburg
Esmarchstraße 50
25746 Heide
Phone: ++ 49/4 81/7 85 24 01
Fax: ++ 49/4 81/7 85 24 09
Email: randresen@wkk-hei.de