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DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1280159
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Trainingsadaptation der Achillessehne beim Hochleistungssportler – sonografische Grenzwerte für Achillessehnen
Training Adaptation of the Achilles Tendon in Competitive Athletes – Sonographic Standard Values for the Achilles TendonPublication History
Publication Date:
07 November 2011 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Bestehende Lehrmeinungen und Studienergebnisse bezüglich der Achillessehnendimensionen im Ultraschall und einer fraglichen Belastungsadaptation der Achillessehne bei Hochleistungssportlern werden erstmals an einem großen Kollektiv in vivo überprüft. Die pathologische Wertigkeit der Sehnenverdickung beim Leistungssportler wird kritisch hinterfragt. Material und Methode: Neben 202 Kaderathleten des Deutschen Leichtathletikverbands wurden 199 altersgematchte Normalpersonen sonografisch untersucht. Mittels des tragbaren Ultraschallgeräts Just Vision wurden 404 Achillessehnen von Leistungssportlern mit 398 Achillessehnen von Normalpersonen im Hinblick auf die Sehnendicke verglichen. Zusätzlich wurden pathologische Veränderungen erfasst. Ergebnisse: An der kalkanearen Insertion betrug die Dicke der Achillessehnen im Mittel 4,2 ± 0,72 mm. Die Sehnen der Athleten waren dicker als die der Normalpersonen (p < 0,001), allerdings berichteten sie auch über mehr klinische Beschwerden (p < 0,001). Im Gegensatz zu den Normalpersonen waren die Sehnen der Athleten mit steigender Dicke klinisch auffälliger. Ab einer Achillessehnendicke an der Taille von 6,0 mm war mit hoher Sicherheit von klinisch-pathologischen Veränderungen auszugehen. Schlussfolgerungen: Erstmals werden valide Daten zur Achillessehnendicke bei Hochleistungsathleten und Normalpersonen vorgestellt. Das Ergebnismuster widerspricht eindeutig einer physiologischen Trainingsadaptation der Achillessehne.
Abstract
Background: Current theories and empirical results regarding the sonographic dimensions of the Achilles tendon as well as an alleged training adaptation of the tendon in competitive athletes are tested for the first time in a large in vivo sample. The pathological validity of a thickened tendon in competitive athletes is under scrutiny. Material and Method: In addition to 202 national squad athletes from the German track and field federation, 199 age-matched normal individuals were examined sonographically. The portable ultrasound scanner Just Vision was used to compare 404 Achilles tendons of athletes with 398 Achilles tendons of normal individuals as to tendon diameter. Furthermore, pathologies were assessed. Results: Achilles tendon diameter at the calcanear insertion was 4.2 ± 0.72 mm on average. Athletes' tendons were thicker than normal tendons (p < 0.001) – athletes, however, also reported more clinical symptoms (p < 0.001). In athletes, increasing diameters were associated with more clinical problems as opposed to normal individuals. At the tendon waist, diameters above 6.0 mm were very likely to go along with pathologies. Conclusions: For the first time, valid data of Achilles tendon diameters in competitive athletes and normal individuals have been presented. The emerging pattern of results clearly contradicts the notion of a physiological training adaptation of the Achilles tendon.
Schlüsselwörter
Achillessehne - Ultraschall - Sehnendicke - Hochleistungssport - Trainingsadaptation
Key words
Achilles tendon - ultrasound - tendon diameter - competitive sports - training adaptation
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Priv.-Doz. Dr. Axel Baltzer
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