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DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1275806
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Epidemiologie und Erreger bei ambulant erworbener Pneumonie (CAP)
Ergebnisse des deutschen Kompetenznetzwerkes CAPNETZ und Bedeutung für die klinische PraxisEpidemiology and Aetiology of Community-acquired Pneumonia (CAP)Results of the German CAPNETZ study and their impact on clinical practicePublication History
eingereicht: 6.10.2010
akzeptiert: 13.1.2011
Publication Date:
05 April 2011 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Die ambulant erworbene Pneumonie („community-acquired pneumonia”, CAP) ist eine sehr häufige Erkrankung. Letalität und Inzidenz der Erkrankung steigen mit zunehmendem Alter an. Über das bundesweite Kompetenznetzwerk CAPNETZ wurden mittlerweile über 9000 Patienten mit radiologisch gesicherter CAP rekrutiert. Die vorliegende Arbeit diskutiert den Stellenwert der aktuellen Publikationen aus CAPNETZ zu Epidemiologie, Ätiologie und Managment der CAP für den klinischen Alltag. In der CAPNETZ-Kohorte wurden Pneumokokken als häufigste Erreger nachgewiesen. Die „atypischen” Erreger (Mykoplasmen, Chlamydien, Legionellen) wurden in ihrer klinischen Relevanz in der Vergangenheit wahrscheinlich überschätzt: In der CAPNETZ-Kohorte waren Chlamydienpeumonien ausgesprochen selten (< 1 %) und Mykoplasmeninfektionen hatten bei immunkompetenten Patienten im Vergleich zu anderen Erregern eine deutlich niedrigere Letalität (0,7 %). Eine Ausnahme bilden hospitalisierte Patienten mit Legionellenpneumonie, die ein sehr hohes Sterblichkeitsrisiko haben. Pneumonien durch Enterobakterien und Pseudomonas aeruginosa waren selten und fanden sich nur bei Patienten mit Risikofaktoren (z. B. Multimorbidität, Sondenernährung), sind aber mit einer hohen Letalität assoziiert.
Abstract
Community-acquired pneumonia is a frequent disease. Case-fatality rate and incidence are increasing with age. The German nation-wide competence network CAPNETZ presents reliable data on aetiology and course of the disease, based on more than 9000 prospectively observed patients. This review discusses current CAPNETZ-publication and their impact on daily clinical practice. The most frequent isolated pathogen isolated was Streptococcus pneumoniae. According to CAPNETZ results, the importance of atypical pathogens (i. e. Mycoplasma spp., Chlamydia spp., Legionella spp.) may have been overestimated in older studies: Chlamydia pneumoniae (< 1 %) are rarely found, and the most frequent atypical pathogen, Mycoplasma spp., causes only mild disease in younger patients resulting in a very low case-fatality-rate (0.7 %). Only hospitalized patients with legionella infections are at an increased risk to die. Gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are rare, restricted to high-risk patient groups (e. g. mulitmorbidity, enteral tube feeding), but are associated with an increased case-fatality rate.
Schlüsselwörter
Leitlinie - Resistenz - Outcome - Score - CRB-65
Keywords
guideline - resistance - outcome - score - CRB-65
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PD Dr. med. M. W. Pletz
Abteilung für Gastroenterologie,
Hepatologie und Infektiologie
Universitätsklinikum
Jena
Erlanger Allee 101
07747 Jena
Phone: 03641/9324224
Email: mathias.pletz@med.uni-jena.de