Zusammenfassung
Einleitung: Die abdominale Vakuumtherapie hat die Versorgung des Laparostomas vereinfacht. Doch
ist das alles, was sie zu leisten vermag? Welche Rolle ihr im Rahmen der Fistelprävention
zukommt, ist Gegenstand der Diskussion. Die Behandlung der Darmoberfläche scheint
ein Schlüsselfaktor zu sein. Wir als Militärchirurgen benötigen ein standardisiertes
Protokoll, mit dem wir reproduzierbar gute Ergebnisse mit niedrigen Komplikationsraten
erzielen können. Es stellt sich also die Frage: Lässt sich die Dünndarmfistel beim
Laparostoma eliminieren? Patienten und Methoden: Analyse von 28 konsekutiven Patienten, bei denen in den Jahren 2004–2009 eine offene
Abdominalbehandlung durchgeführt wurde. Ab Juni 2006 wurde ein Algorithmus zur Laparostomaversorgung
implementiert, der die Verwendung des KCI V.A.C.®-Abdominal-Dressings (Kinetic Concepts
Inc., San Antonio, Texas, USA) und ein Vicrylnetz auf Faszienniveau beinhaltet. Die
Patienten nach Einführung des Algorithmus wurden einer Vergleichsgruppe zwischen 2004
bis Mai 2006 gegenübergestellt. Zielvariablen waren die Fistelrate, die Mortalität,
die Faszienverschlussrate, die Anzahl der Wechsel und die Dauer der offenen Abdominalbehandlung.
Ergebnisse: Nach Einführung unseres einheitlichen Koblenzer Algorithmus ließ sich die Fistelrate
von vormals 45 % auf 0 % senken. Die Mortalität während der Laparostomabehandlung
sank von 45 % auf 6 %. Zudem ließ sich die Dauer der offenen Abdominalbehandlung ebenso
reduzieren wie die Anzahl der Wechsel. Es ließ sich eine primäre Faszienverschlussrate
von 87 % erzielen. Schlussfolgerung: Es wird uns ein Protokoll an die Hand gegeben, das nicht nur im Bundeswehrkrankenhaus,
sondern auch im Auslandseinsatz in Afghanistan sowie auf dem Lufttransport nach Deutschland
eine standardisiert gute Versorgung des Laparostomas gewährleistet. Eine möglichst
schonende Behandlung der Darmoberfläche wird garantiert. So werden die Vorteile des
Verfahrens genutzt und gleichzeitig seine Komplikationen minimiert. Die Bildung einer
Dünndarmfistel konnte im untersuchten Patientengut eliminiert und die Mortalität deutlich
gesenkt werden.
Abstract
Background: Abdominal vacuum therapy has simplified the treatment of a laparostoma. But is that
all that it can achieve? The role of abdominal vacuum therapy concerning the development
of small bowel fistulas is still under discussion. Treatment of the bowel surface
seems to be crucial for the prevention of fistulas. As military surgeons, we need
a simple, standardised regimen, leading to reproducible good results and low complication
rates. The question is: are we able to eliminate small bowel fistula during open abdominal
treatment? Patients and Methods: We analysed 28 consecutive patients with open abdominal treatment in the period of
2004 to 2009. From June 2006 on, we implemented an algorithm, using the KCI V.A.C.®
Abdominal Dressing (Kinetic Concepts Inc., San Antonio, Texas, USA) and a vicryl mesh
between the non-adherent layer and the foam to prevent fascial retraction. The patients
treated after the installation of the new algorithm were compared to a group treated
from 2004 to May 2006 before its installation. Fistula rates, mortality, the fascial
closure rate, the number of abdominal dressing changes and the duration of open abdominal
treatment were evaluated. Results: After implementation of our new algorithm, the fistula rate decreased from 45 % to
0 %. The mortality during open abdominal treatment decreased from 45 % to 6 %. In
addition, the duration of open abdominal treatment was reduced as well as the number
of dressing changes. The primary fascial closure rate was 87 %. Conclusion: We implemented a regimen, which is suitable for our mission in Afghanistan, as well
as for medical evacuation and for the treatment of patients in our hospitals in Germany.
It ensures a standardised treatment of the open abdominal cavity with an ideal protecting
treatment of the bowel surface. Our algorithm utilises the advantages of the laparostoma
while minimising the complications. The development of a small bowel fistula was eliminated
in the evaluated patient group and mortality was clearly reduced.
Schlüsselwörter
offenes Abdomen - intraabdominelle Vakuumbehandlung - V.A.C.®-Therapie - intestinale
Fistel - Abdominaltrauma - Laparostoma
Key words
open abdomen - intraabdominal vacuum therapy - V.A.C.®-therapy - small bowel fistula
- abdominal trauma - laparostomy
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Dr. A. Willms
Bundeswehrzentralkrankenhaus· Allgemein-/Viszeral- und Thoraxchirurgie
Rübenacherstr. 170
56072 Koblenz
Deutschland
Telefon: 01 77 / 8 40 53 76
Fax: 07 15 / 3 61 62 31
eMail: ArnulfWillms@gmx.de