Zusammenfassung
Neue Technologien, wie DVT (Digitale Volumentomografie) und Oberflächenbildgebung
haben die kieferorthopädische Diagnostik und Behandlungsplanung revolutioniert. Anhand
von dreidimensionalen Bildern kann der Arzt Knochen, Zähne und Weichgewebe genauestens
beurteilen. Inzwischen lassen sich mithilfe verschiedener Software-Verfahren Kopf
und Gesicht des Patienten virtuell rekonstruieren. Diese Arbeit liefert eine kurze
Zusammenfassung der Fortschritte bei diagnostischen kieferorthopädischen Datensätzen.
In dieser Arbeit wurden das 3dMD-System und das Kodak 9500 verwendet und die erzeugten
Bilder mithilfe 3dMDVultus-Software ausgewertet. Alle Datensätze wurden in der natürlichen
Kopfhaltung aufgenommen. Sobald DVT und stereofotogrammetrisches Bild übereinander
gelegt werden, lassen sich die Messpunkte der Weich- und Hartgewebe zuordnen. Außerdem
erlaubt diese Technologie die Simulation von Operationen, die Evaluation der Behandlung
und ein Langzeitmonitoring. Die leichte und rasche Datenerfassung, die relativ geringe
Strahlenbelastung und die vielen Möglichkeiten, Auswertungen und Speicheroptionen
machen die dreidimensionale Bildgebung zu einem wertvollen Werkzeug in der kieferorthopädischen
und kieferchirurgischen Behandlung.
Abstract
New technologies such as CBCT (Cone-Beam-Computertomography) and surface imaging have
revolutionized diagnosis and treatment planning in orthodontics. Three-dimensional
images allow the practitioner to accurately capture the patient’s bone, teeth and
soft tissue. Using different software techniques, it is now possible to virtually
reconstruct the patient’s head and face. This paper will provide a rapid overview
on the advances in orthodontic diagnostic records. The machines used in this paper
are the 3dMD system and the Kodak 9500, and images are analyzed using the 3dMDvultus
software. All records are acquired in Natural Head Position. Once the CBCT is layered
with the stereophotogrammetric image, it becomes possible to identify landmarks on
the soft and hard tissue. Moreover, surgical simulation, treatment evaluation and
long term monitoring are possible with this technology. The ease and rapidity of data
acquisition, the relative low radiation dose involved and multiple manipulation, analyses
and storage options make three dimensional imaging a invaluable tool in orthodontic
and craniofacial management.
Schlüsselwörter
digitale Volumentomografie - 3D-Bildgebung - Oberflächenanalyse - Bildfusion - digitales
Modell
Key words
Cone Beam Computed Tomography - three dimensional imaging - surface mapping - image
fusion - digital model
Literatur
- 1
Sinha P, Balas B J, Ostrovsky Y et al.
Face recognition by humans: 19 results all computer vision researchers should know
about.
Proceedings of the IEEE.
2006;
94
1948-1962
- 2
Incrapera A K, Kau C H, English J D et al.
Soft tissue images from cephalograms compared with those from a 3D surface acquisition
system.
Angle Orthod.
2010;
80
58-64
- 3
Kau C H, Richmond S, Incrapera A et al.
Three-dimensional surface acquisition systems for the study of facial morphology und
their application to maxillofacial surgery.
Int J Med Robot.
2007;
3
97-110
- 4
Heike C L, Upson K, Stuhaug E et al.
3D digital stereophotogrammetry: a practical guide to facial image acquisition.
Head & Face Medicine.
2010;
6
18
- 5
Lane C, Harrell Jr W.
Completing the 3-dimensional picture.
Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.
2008;
133
612-620
- 6
Ackerman J L, Proffit W R, Sarver D M et al.
Pitch, roll, und yaw: describing the spatial orientation of dentofacial traits.
Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.
2007;
131
305-310
- 7
Lundstrom A, Lundstrom F, Lebret L M et al.
Natural head position und natural head orientation: basic considerations in cephalometric
analysis und research.
Eur J Orthod.
1995;
17
111-120
- 8
Lundstrom A, Forsberg C-M, Westergren H et al.
A comparison between estimated und registered natural head posture.
Eur J Orthod.
1991;
13
59-64
- 9
Cooke M S, Wei S H.
The reproducibility of natural head posture: a methodological study.
Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.
1988;
93
280-288
- 10
Chiu C S, Clark R K.
Reproducibility of natural head position.
J Dent.
1991;
19
130-131
- 11
Kau C H, Richmond S, Zhurov A I et al.
Reliability of measuring facial morphology using a 3-dimensional laser scanning system.
Am J Orthod und Dentofacial Orthopedics.
2005;
128
424-430
- 12
Kau C H, Richmond S, Palomo J M et al.
Three-dimensional cone beam computerized tomography in orthodontics.
J Orthod.
2005;
32
282-293
- 13
Mah J, Hatcher D.
Current status und future needs in craniofacial imaging.
Orthod Craniofac Res.
2003;
6 Suppl 1
10-16
discussion 179–182
- 14
Ludlow J B, Ivanovic M.
Comparative dosimetry of dental CBCT devices und 64-slice CT for oral und maxillofacial
radiology.
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod.
2008;
106
930-938
- 15
De Vos W, Casselman J, Swennen G R.
Cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) imaging of the oral und maxillofacial region:
a systematic review of the literature.
Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg.
2009;
38
609-625
- 16
Sukovic P.
Cone beam computed tomography in craniofacial imaging.
Orthod Craniofac Res.
2003;
6 Suppl 1
31-36
discussion 179–182
- 17
Mah J K, Danforth R A, Bumann A et al.
Radiation absorbed in maxillofacial imaging mit a new dental computed tomography device.
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod.
2003;
96
508-513
- 18
Quimby M L, Vig K W, Rashid R G et al.
The accuracy und reliability of measurements made on computer-based digital models.
Angle Orthod.
2004;
74
298-303
- 19
Gateno J, Xia J J, Teichgraeber J F et al.
Clinical feasibility of computer-aided surgical simulation (CASS) in the treatment
of complex cranio-maxillofacial deformities.
J Oral Maxillofac Surg.
2007;
65
728-734
- 20
Swennen G R, Mollemans W, De Clercq C et al.
A cone-beam computed tomography triple scan procedure to obtain a three-dimensional
augmented virtual skull model appropriate for orthognathic surgery planning.
J Craniofac Surg.
2009;
20
297-307
- 21
Kau C H, Littlefield J, Rainy N et al.
Evaluation of CBCT digital models und traditional models using the Little’s index.
Angle Orthod.
2010;
80
435-439
- 22
Chenin D L, Chenin D A, Chenin S T et al.
Dynamic cone-beam computed tomography in orthodontic treatment.
J Clin Orthod.
2009;
43
507-512
- 23
Kau C H, Pan P, Gallerano R L et al.
A novel 3D classification system for canine impactions – the KPG index.
Int J Med Robot.
2009;
5
291-296
- 24
Nute S J, Moss J P.
Three-dimensional facial growth studied by optical surface scanning.
J Orthod.
2000;
27
31-38
- 25
Kau C H, Richmond S.
Three-dimensional analysis of facial morphology surface changes in untreated children
from 12 to 14 years of age.
Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.
2008;
134
751-760
- 26
Kau C H, Zhurov A, Richmond S et al.
Facial templates: a new perspective in three dimensions.
Orthod Craniofac Res.
2006;
9
10-17
- 27
McCance A M, Moss J P, Fright W R et al.
Three-dimensional analysis techniques – Part 2: Laser scanning: a quantitative three-dimensional
soft-tissue analysis using a color-coding system.
Cleft Palate Craniofac J.
1997;
34
46-51
- 28
Hajeer M Y, Ayoub A F, Millett D T.
Three-dimensional assessment of facial soft-tissue asymmetry before und after orthognathic
surgery.
Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg.
2004;
42
396-404
- 29
Alves P V, Zhao L, Patel P K et al.
Three-dimensional facial surface analysis of patients mit skeletal malocclusion.
J Craniofac Surg.
2009;
20
290-296
- 30
Kau C H, Richmond S, Zhurov A I et al.
Reliability of measuring facial morphology using a 3-dimensional laser scanning system.
Am J Orthod und Dentofacial Orthopedics.
2005;
128
424-430
- 31
Kau C H, Zhurov A I, Bibb R et al.
The investigation of the changing facial appearance of identical twins employing a
three-dimensional laser imaging system.
Orthod Craniofac Res.
2005;
8
85-90
- 32 Farkas L G, Munro I R. Anthropometric Facial Proportions in Medicine. Springfield,
IL: Charles C Thomas 1987
- 33 Jacobson A. Radiographic Cephalometry: From Basics to Videoimaging. USA: Quintessence
Publishing 1995
- 34 Swennen G RJ, Schutyser F, Hausamen J E. Three-dimensional cephalometry: A color
atlas und manual. Heidelberg, Germany: Springer 2006
Appendix
Ein zusätzliches Video zu diesem Beitrag finden Sie online: www.thieme-connect.de/ejournals
unter „Informationen aus Orthodontie und Kieferorthopädie“
Prof. Dr. Chung How Kau
Chairman und King James IV Professor · Department of Orthodontics · University of
Alabama at Birmingham · School of Dentistry
1919 7th Avenue South
USA-Birmingham, AL 35294
Telefon: +1 / 2 05 / 9 34 27 82
Fax: +1 / 2 05 / 9 34 75 90
eMail: ckau@uab.edu