Minireview: Endokrines Vitamin-D-System in der humanen Haut

Zusammenfassung

Unser Verständnis über die Bedeutung des Vitamin-D-Stoffwechsels in der menschlichen Haut hat sich in den letzten Jahren wesentlich erweitert. Wir wissen heute, dass Vitamin-D-Mangel nicht nur mit einem erhöhten Risiko für Erkrankungen des Knochen- und Kalziumstoffwechsels, sondern auch mit einem erhöhten Risiko für zahlreiche weitere Erkrankungen (u. a. verschiedene Krebserkrankungen, kardio-vaskuläre Erkrankungen, Infektionserkrankungen, Autoimmunerkrankungen) assoziiert ist [1]. Die Haut ist das einzige Organ, das nach Sonnenlichtexposition zur Synthese von Vitamin D befähigt ist. Andererseits stellt eine übermäßige UV-Exposition einen wesentlichen Faktor für die Entstehung von epithelialem Hautkrebs dar. Es besteht also ein Dilemma zwischen den positiven und negativen Wirkungen des Sonnenlichts abzuwägen. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D₃ und viele seiner Analoga werden in der Dermatologie zudem erfolgreich in der Therapie der Psoriasis vulgaris eingesetzt. In diesem Artikel wird der aktuelle Wissensstand zur Bedeutung des Vitamin-D-Stoffwechsels in der humanen Haut zusammengefasst. Neue Aspekte zum Einsatz von Vitamin D und dessen Analoga in der Dermatologie zur Hautkrebsprävention sowie zur Therapie der Psoriasis sollen hier erläutert werden.

Abstract

Our understanding of the relevance of the vitamin D metabolism in human skin has significantly improved during the last years. Today it is commonly accepted that vitamin D deficiency is not only associated with affections of the bone- and calcium-metabolism, but also with an elevated risk for multiple other diseases (e. g. different cancers, cardio-vascular-diseases, infections, autoimmune diseases) [1]. The skin is the only organ that is capable of synthesizing vitamin D after exposure to sunlight. On the other hand, UV-exposure is one of the major risk factors for epithelial skin cancer. Thus there is a conflict between positive and negative properties of sunlight. In this article we summarize the current scientific knowledge about the importance of the vitamin D metabolism in the skin. Furthermore, we elucidate new aspects about the use of vitamin D and its analoga in dermatology, especially in the prevention of skin cancer and in the therapy of psoriasis.

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