Die Rolle neuer „pro-resolving” Lipidmediatoren bei entzündlichen Lungenerkrankungen

Zusammenfassung

Erkrankungen mit unkontrollierter pulmonaler Entzündung stellen eine wesentliche medizinische Herausforderung, aber auch ökonomische Belastung für unsere Gesellschaft dar. Derzeit existieren keine Therapeutika, die diese Art der pathologischen Entzündungen gezielt kontrollieren. Kürzlich wurde eine neue Gruppe von antientzündlichen und proresolutionären Lipidmediatoren entdeckt: Lipoxine, Resolvine, Protektine und Maresine. Diese Lipidmediatoren werden enzymatisch aus den mehrfach ungesättigten Fettsäuren (PUFAs) Arachidonsäure (AA), Docosahexaensäure (DHA) und Eicosapentaensäure (EPA) gebildet, welche seit langem bekannte positive Wirkungen auf diverse Krankheitsverläufe haben können. Diese neuen Lipidmediatoren zeigen in vitro und in vivo in murinen pulmonalen Entzündungsmodellen vielversprechende antiinflammatorische Wirkungen und könnten eine entscheidende Rolle in der Therapie von vielen entzündlichen Lungenerkrankungen, wie z. B. des Asthmas bronchiale, der cystischen Fibrose (CF) und des akuten Lungenversagens spielen.

Abstract

Uncontrolled inflammation of the lung contributes to the major medical and economic burden on healthcare, and the need for therapeutics to dampen pathological inflammation is largely unmet. Recently, a new genus of anti-inflammatory/ pro-resolving lipid mediators has been identified: Lipoxins, resolvins, protectins and maresins. These compounds are enzymatically derived from the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) arachidonic acid (AA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) that have long been known to have beneficial health properties. These mediators have potent anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo in murine models of lung inflammation. Therefore, this group of compounds carries considerable therapeutic potential for the treatment of many inflammatory lung diseases including asthma, cystic fibrosis and acute lung injury.

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