Planta Med 2011; 77(10): 1027-1034
DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1250742
Natural Product Chemistry
Original Papers
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Stilbenoids from the Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) Fruit Modulate Cytokine Production in Murine Peyer's Patch Cells Ex Vivo

Hikaru Kato1 , Masayuki Samizo1 , Ryosuke Kawabata1 , Fumihide Takano1 , Tomihisa Ohta1
  • 1Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
Further Information

Publication History

received Sep. 8, 2010 revised Nov. 24, 2010

accepted Dec. 20, 2010

Publication Date:
25 January 2011 (online)

Abstract

Melinjo fruit (Gnetum gnemon L.) has been used as a food in Southeast Asia. To investigate if this fruit has regulatory actions on ileal immune responses, we measured T-helper (Th) cytokine production, i.e., interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-5, and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), in cultured Peyer's patch (PP) cells from mice orally treated with a methanol extract of melinjo fruit. Oral administration of the 50 % ethanol extract at 100 mg/kg/day significantly enhanced the production of the Th1 cytokines IL-2 and IFN-γ irrespective of concanavalin-A stimulation, whereas the production of the Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-5 was not affected. We also isolated seven active constituents accompanied with two new stilbenoids from the ethylacetate fraction of the extracts. The structure of the new stilbene glucosides gnemonoside L (5) and gnemonoside M (7) was determined by 1D and 2D NMR and MS analyses. Five known stilbenoids were identified as resveratrol (1), isorhapontigenin (2), gnemonoside D (4), gnetins C (3) and E (6). Among these tested compounds, only new stilbenoid 7 strongly enhanced Th1 cytokine production in cultured PP cells at 10 mg/kg/day. These results indicated that this melinjo extract and its active constituent 7 potentiated T-cell-dependent immune responses in the ileal mucosa.

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Dr. Fumihide Takano

Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Kanazawa University

Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192

Ishikawa

Japan

Phone: +81 7 62 64 63 05

Fax: +81 7 62 64 62 41

Email: takano@p.kanazawa-u.ac.jp

Prof. Dr. Tomihisa Ohta

Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Kanazawa University

Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192

Ishikawa

Japan

Phone: +81 7 62 34 44 68

Fax: +81 7 62 64 62 41

Email: ohta@p.kanazawa-u.ac.jp

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