Die Verhaltensentwicklung des Fohlens – Konsequenzen für Haltung und Umgang

Summary

From birth till adulthood the young horse goes through distinct phases in behaviour development. The behavioural development is a result of hereditary behaviour programmes as well as learned behaviour patterns. In order to raise foals optimally and to prepare them for the later tasks of the adult horse, it is important to understand the different phases of behaviour development. Various factors can influence this development, including housing, social life and foal handling.

foal behaviour - behavioural development - human‐foal‐relationship - foal handling

Literatur

• 1 Berger J. Wild Horses of the Great Basin. Social Competition and Population Size.. Chicago, London: The University of Chicago Press; 1986
• 2 Boyd L E. Ontogeny of behavior in Przewalski horses.  Appl Anim Behav Sci. 1988;  21 41-69
• 3 Boyd L, Keiper R. Behavioural ecology of feral Horses.. In: Mills D, McDonnell S, eds. The domestic Horse.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2005: 55-82
• 4 Christensen J W, Ladewig J, Søndergaard E, Malmkvist J. Effects of individual versus group stabling on social behaviour in domestic stallions.  Appl Anim Behav Sci. 2002;  75 233-248
• 5 Crowell-Davis S L. Developmental behavior.  Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract. 1986;  2 573-590
• 6 Crowell-Davis S L. Daytime rest behavior of the Welsh pony (Equus caballus) mare and foal.  Appl Anim Behav Sci. 1994;  40 197-210
• 7 Crowell-Davis S L, Houpt K A. Coprophagy by foals: effect of age and possible functions.  Equine Vet J. 1985;  17 17-19
• 8 Crowell-Davis S L, Houpt K A. The ontogeny of flehmen in horses.  Anim Behav. 1985;  33 739-745
• 9 Crowell-Davis S L, Houpt K A, Carnevale J. Feeding and drinking behaviour of mares and foals with free access to pasture and water.  J Anim Sci. 1985;  60 883-889
• 10 Crowell-Davis S L, Houpt K A, Carini C M. Mutual-grooming and nearest neighbour relationships among foals of Equus caballus.  Appl Anim Behav Sci. 1986;  15 113-123
• 11 Crowell-Davis S L, Houpt K A, Kane L C. Play development in Welsh pony (Equus caballus) foals.  Appl Anim Behav Sci. 1987;  17 119-131
• 12 Falewee C, Gaultier E, Lafont C, Bougrat L, Pageat P. Effect of a synthetic equine maternal pheromone during a controlled fear-eliciting situation.  Appl Anim Behav Sci. 2006;  101 144-153
• 13 Fraser A F. Ontogeny of behavior in the foal.  Appl Anim Ethol. 1980;  6 303
• 14 Fraser A F. The behaviour and wellfare of the Horse.. 2nd ed. Cambridge: CABI International; 2010
• 15 Goldschmidt-Rothschild B, Tschanz B. Soziale Organisation und Verhalten einer Jungtierherde beim Camargue-Pferd.  Z Tierpsychol. 1978;  46 372-400
• 16 Hausberger M, Henry S, Richard-Yris M A. Early experience and behavioural development in foals.  EAAP Publication. 2007;  No. 122 37-45
• 17 Henry S, Hemery D, Richard M A, Hausberger M. Human-mare relationships and behaviour of foals toward humans.  Appl Anim Behav Sci. 2005;  93 341-362
• 18 Holland J L, Kronfeld D S, Hoffmann R M, Greiwe-Crandell K M, Boyd T L, Cooper W L, Harris P A. Weaning stress is affected by nutrition and weaning method.  Pferdeheilkunde. 1996;  12 257-260
• 19 Houpt K A. Imprinting training and conditioned taste aversion.  Behavioural Processes. 2007;  76 14-16
• 20 Houpt K A, Olm D. Foal rejection: a review of 23 cases.  Equine Pract. 1984;  6 38
• 21 Houpt K A, Hintz H F, Butler W R. A preliminary study of two methods of weaning foals.  Appl Anim Behav Sci. 1984;  12 177-181
• 22 Kahlil A M, Murakami N. Effect of natal dispersal on the reproductive strategies of the young Misaki feral stallions.  Appl Anim Behav Sci. 1999;  62 281-291
• 23 Kahlil A M, Murakami N. Factors affecting the harem formation process by young Misaki feral stallions.  J Vet Med Sci. 1999;  61 667-671
• 24 Ladewig J, Søndergaard E, Christensen J W. Ontogeny: preparing the young Horse for its adult Life.. In: Mills D, McDonnell S The domestic Horse.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2005: 139-149
• 25 Lansade L, Bertrand M, Bouissou M F. Effects of neonatal handling on subsequent manageability, reactivity and learning ability of foals.  Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 2005;  92 143-158
• 26 Maier S F, Seligman M E P. Learned helplessness: theory and evidence.  J Exp Psychol Gen. 1976;  105 3-46
• 27 McDonnell S M, Poulin A. Equid play ethogram.  Appl Anim Behav Sci. 2002;  78 263-295
• 28 Miller R M. Imprint training the newborn foal.  Equine Vet J – Equine Clinical Behaviour. 1998;  27 (Suppl.) 63-64
• 29 Rossdale P D. Clinical study on the newborne Thoroughbred foal, I. Perinatal behavior.  Brit Vet J. 1967;  123 470-481
• 30 Scott J P, Fuller J L. Genetics and the social behavior of dogs.. Chicago, London: The University of Chicago Press; 1998
• 31 Sigursjónsdóttir H, Gunnarsson V. Controlled study of early handling and training of icelandic foals. In: Proceedings Dorothy Russel Havemeyer Foundation Workshop on Horse Behavior and Welfare. Holar, Iceland, 13 – 16 June 2002 35-39
• 32 Simpson B S. Neonatal foal handling.  Appl Anim Behav Sci. 2002;  78 303-317
• 33 Spier S J, Pusterla J B, Villarroel A, Pusterla N. Outcome of tactile conditioning of neonates, or “imprint training” on selected handling measures in foals.  Vet J. 2004;  168 252-258
• 34 Stevens E F. Instability of harems of feral horses in relation to season and presence of subordinate stallions.  Behav. 1990;  112 149-161
• 35 Waring G H. Onset of behaviour patterns in the newborn foal.  Equine Pract. 1982;  4 28-34
• 36 Wolff A, Hausberger M. Behaviour of foals before weaning may have some genetic basic.  Ethology. 1994;  96 1-10
• 37 Zeeb K. Die „Unterlegenheitsgebärde“ des noch nicht ausgewachsenen Pferdes (Equus caballus).  Zeitschrift Tierpsych. 1959;  16 489-496