Zusammenfassung
Die gutartige juvenile distale Muskelatrophie ist selten. Klinische Kennzeichen sind
sporadisches Auftreten ganz vorwiegend bei jungen Männern im Alter zwischen 15 und
25 Jahren, schleichender Beginn und langsame Progression über 1–5 Jahre, gewöhnlich
einseitige Ausprägung am Arm (> 95 %), Atrophie und nachfolgende Schwäche der Muskeln
anhand und Unterarm mit distaler flaschenhalsförmiger Verjüngung des Unterarms sowie
Kälteparese der betroffenen Muskeln (80 %). Elektrophysiologisch wie histologisch
findet sich ein chronisch-neurogener Umbau der Muskulatur, neuropathologisch ein Verlust
von Vorderhornzellen. Die Existenz dieses Syndroms mit guter Prognose ist etabliert.
Letztlich aber ist es als Krankheitsentität noch nicht klar definiert. Der Versuch
einer genetischen Zuordnung überzeugt bisher nicht. Die Symptomvariabilität wird diskutiert.
In Einzelfällen sind familiäres Vorkommen und Betroffensein der unteren Extremität
beschrieben.
Abstract
Benign distal myatrophy type Hirayama is a rare disease. Clinical characteristics
are sporadic manifestation in young males between 15 and 25 years of age, insiduous
begin and slow progression over 1 to 5 years, usually unilateral expression (95 %),
atrophy and weakness of hand and arm muscles forming a bottle neck-shaped distal lower
arm, and cold paresis of the involved muscles (80 %). EMG and muscle biopsy show chronic
neurogenic changes of the muscles and neuropathology a loss of anterior horn cells.
The existence of the syndrome is established worldwide. However, the disease entity
is still under discussion. A definite genetic abnormality has not been discovered
so far. The variability of symptoms and signs is also controversial. Single reports
describe familial occurrence and localisation at the legs.
Schlüsselwörter
Muskelatrophie Typ Hirayama - benigne fokale Myatrophie - monomelische Myatrophie
- distale segmentale Myatrophie
Keywords
Hirayama's disease - benign focal myatrophy - monomelic spinal muscular atrophy -
distal segmental myatrophy
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Prof. Dr. med. Hanns C. Hopf
Universitätsmedizin
Klinik für Neurologie
Johannes Gutenberg-Universität
Langenbeckstr. 1
55131 Mainz
Email: hanns_christian.hopf@unimedizin-mainz.de