Zusammenfassung
Ziel: Ziel der Studie war die Beurteilung der Effektivität der B-Mode-Ultraschall(US)-
und kontrastverstärkten US(CEUS)- gestützten Mikrowellenablation (MWA) von Lebermetastasen.
Patienten und Methoden: 39 Patienten (17 weiblich, 22 männlich) mit insgesamt 125 Lebermetastasen wurden
mit perkutaner oder intraoperativer CEUS-gestützter MWA behandelt. Die Primarien waren
kolorektale Karzinome (n = 31), Mammakarzinome (n = 6), karzinoide Tumoren (n = 1)
und gastrointestinale Stromatumoren (GIST) (n = 1). Die mediane Anzahl der abladierten
Metastasen in den 45 Behandlungssitzungen war 2 (Spannweite 1 – 11). Die mediane Größe
(maximaler Durchmesser) der 125 Metastasen war 1,5 cm (Spannweite 0,6 – 4,0 cm). 19
(15 %) der 125 Metastasen waren größer als 2 cm. Metastasen, die kleiner als 2 cm
waren, wurden mit einer einzelnen Nadel behandelt, Metastasen, die größer als 2 cm
waren, wurden mit 2 oder 3 parallelen Nadeln behandelt. Ergebnisse: Von den 45 MWA-Sitzungen wurden 30 perkutan durchgeführt, 3 im Rahmen einer Laparotomie
und 12 im Rahmen einer Laparotomie in Kombination mit einer Leberresektion. Die 39
Patienten wurden für mindestens 4 Monate mit einer mittleren Dauer von 11 Monaten
(Spannweite 4 – 20 Monate) nachverfolgt. Die technische Erfolgsrate war 100 %. Die
klinische Effektivität war 100 % mit kompletter Abdeckung der Metastasen durch die
avaskuläre Koagulationszone entsprechend der Beurteilung mittels direkt postablativem
CEUS. Eine lokale Tumorprogression (lokales Rezidiv) gab es bei 12 (9,6 %) der 125
behandelten Metastasen und betraf 10 (26 %) der 39 Patienten. Eine schwere Komplikation
trat in Form eines Leberabszesses auf, der sich gut mittels perkutaner Drainage behandeln
ließ. 4 leichte Komplikationen wurden beobachtet: 3 Fälle mit lokalem Schmerz an der
Punktionsstelle und ein Fall mit Aszites. CEUS war wertvoll in allen Phasen der Ablation
einschließlich des präablativen Stagings, Planung des Prozederes, Platzierung der
Mikrowellennadeln in der Raumforderung, unmittelbare postablative Kontrolle der Koagulationsgröße
und schließlich im Langzeit-Follow-up. Schlussfolgerung: CEUS-gestützte MWA von Lebermetastasen ist eine sichere und effektive Ablationstechnik
mit einigen Vorteilen gegenüber anderen Ablationsmodalitäten.
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of microwave (MW) ablation of liver
metastases guided by B-mode ultrasound (US) and contrast-enhanced US (CEUS). Materials and Methods: 39 patients (17 women and 22 men) with a total of 125 liver metastases were treated
with percutaneous or intraoperative CEUS-guided MW ablation. The primary tumor was
colorectal cancer (n = 31), breast cancer (n = 6), carcinoid tumor (n = 1), and gastrointestinal
stromal tumor (GIST) (n = 1). The median number of metastases ablated in the 45 treatment
sessions was 2 (range 1 – 11). The median size (maximum diameter) of the 125 metastases
was 1.5 cm (range, 0.6 – 4.0 cm). Nineteen (15 %) of the 125 metastases were bigger
than 2 cm. Metastases smaller than 2 cm were treated with a single needle, metastases
bigger than 2 cm were treated with 2 or 3 parallel needles. Results: The 45 MW ablation sessions were performed percutaneously (n = 30), during laparotomy
(n = 3), or during laparotomy combined with liver resection (n = 12). The 39 patients
were followed up for at least 4 months with a median duration of 11 months (range,
4 – 20 months). The technical success rate was 100 %. The clinical effectiveness was
100 % with complete coverage of the metastasis by the avascular coagulation zone evaluated
on immediate post-ablation CEUS. Local tumor progression (local recurrence) was seen
in 12 (9.6 %) of the 125 treated metastases, and affected 10 (26 %) of the 39 patients.
One major complication was observed in the form of a liver abscess that easily resolved
after percutaneous drainage. Four minor complications were observed: Three cases of
pain located at the puncture site and one case of ascites. CEUS was valuable in all
phases of ablation including pre-ablation staging and procedure planning, placement
of MW needles in the tumor, immediate post-ablation control of coagulation size, and
finally in the long term follow-up regime. Conclusion: CEUS-guided MW ablation of liver metastases is an efficient and safe ablation technique
with several advantages compared to other ablation modalities.
Key words
abdomen - ablation procedures - interventional procedures - ultrasound - metastases
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Dr. Torben Lorentzen
Department of Gastric Surgery, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen
Herlev Ringvej 75
2720 Herlev
Denmark
Telefon: ++ 45/23 22 66 53
Fax: ++ 45/39 64 13 33
eMail: tlo@dadlnet.dk