RSS-Feed abonnieren
DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1245772
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Selbstverletzendes Verhalten und komorbide psychische Störungen: ein Überblick
Non-Suicidal Self-Injury and Comorbid Mental Disorders: a ReviewPublikationsverlauf
Publikationsdatum:
22. November 2010 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Selbstverletzendes Verhalten beschreibt die Schädigung des eigenen Körpers ohne Suizidabsicht. Bekannt ist, dass selbstverletzendes Verhalten mit verschiedenen psychischen Störungen assoziiert ist; bislang fehlt es an einer systematischen Aufarbeitung. Methoden: Es wurde eine systematische Literaturrecherche durchgeführt. 21 der gesichteten 1298 Studien erfüllten die vorgegebenen Auswahlkriterien. Ergebnisse: Bei Jugendlichen und Erwachsenen mit selbstverletzendem Verhalten fanden sich am häufigsten affektive und Persönlichkeitsstörungen; in der Klasse der Charakterstörungen dominiert die Borderline-Störung. Dahinter folgten Angst- und Substanzmissbrauchs-/Abhängigkeitsstörungen. Speziell bei Jugendlichen zeigten sich häufig externalisierende Störungen, während im Erwachsenenalter verstärkt Essstörungen komorbid vorlagen. Schlussfolgerungen: Selbstverletzendes Verhalten tritt in der Adoleszenz häufiger im Rahmen einer psychischen Störung auf als im Erwachsenenalter. Unabhängig von der Alterskohorte sind depressive Erkrankungen und die Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung eng mit Selbstverletzungen assoziiert. Unklar ist, inwiefern das Auftreten von selbstverletzendem Verhalten mit einer bestimmten Störung durch die Komorbidität mit dem Borderline-Syndrom erklärt werden kann.
Abstract
Background: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is described as deliberate destruction of one’s body without suicidal intent. It is a fact that the phenomenon is associated with several mental disorders. Even so, a systematic review is lacking. The aim of this article is to compile which psychiatric disorders occur most frequently with NSSI. Methods: From a literature search, 21 of 1298 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Results: Mood disorders, especially a recurrent major depression disorder, and personality disorders, particularly the borderline syndrome, are closely connected with NSSI in adolescence and adulthood. Self-injury is also present in anxiety and substance use disorders. In adolescence, externalising disorders are related to NSSI, too. Conclusions: Depressive disorders and the borderline personality disorders are robustly associated with NSSI. It is still unknown whether or not the occurrence of NSSI with particular disorders can be explained by comorbidity with the borderline syndrome.
Schlüsselwörter
selbstverletzendes Verhalten - psychische Störungen - Komorbidität
Keywords
non-suicidal self-injury - mental disorders - comorbidity
Literatur
- 1
Nock M K, Prinstein M J.
Contextual features and behavioral functions of self-mutilation among adolescents.
J Abnorm Psychol.
2005;
114
140-146
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 2 Petermann F, Winkel S. Selbstverletzendes Verhalten: Erscheinungsformen, Ursachen und Interventionsmöglichkeiten. Hogrefe. Göttingen; 2009 2. erw. Auflage
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 3
Plener P L, Brunner R, Resch F et al.
Selbstverletzendes Verhalten im Jugendalter.
Z Kinder Jugendpsychiatr Psychother.
2010;
38
77-89
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 4
Plener P L, Libal G, Keller F et al.
An international comparison of adolescent non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicide
attempts: Germany and the USA.
Psychol Med.
2009;
39
1549-1558
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 5
Kleindienst N, Bohus M, Ludäscher P et al.
Motives for nonsuicidal self-injury among women with borderline personality disorder.
J Nerv Ment Dis.
2008;
198
230-236
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 6
Whitlock J, Eckenrode, Silverman D.
Self-injurious behaviors in a college population.
Pediatrics.
2006;
177
1939-1948
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 7
Favazza A R.
The coming of age of self-mutilation.
J Nerv Ment Dis.
1998;
186
259-268
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 8
Jacobson C M, Gould M.
The epidemiology of non-suicidal self-injurious behaviour among adolescents: A critical
review of the literature.
Arch Suicide Res.
2007;
11
129-147
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 9
Klonsky E D, Muehlenkamp J J.
Self-injury: A research review for the practitioner.
J Clin Psychol.
2007;
63
1045-1056
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 10
Nitkowski D, Petermann F.
Selbstverletzendes Verhalten und Suizidversuche: Fundierung der Differenzialdiagnostik.
Fortschr Neurol Psychiat.
2010;
78
9-17
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 11
Bohus M, Schmahl C.
Psychopathology and treatment of borderline personality disorders.
Dtsch Arztebl.
2006;
103
A-3345
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 12
Brunner R, Parzer P, Haffner J et al.
Prevalence and psychological correlates of occasional and repetitive deliberate self-harm
in adolescents.
Arch Pediatr Aolesc Med.
2007;
161
641-649
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 13
Nitkowski D, Petermann F.
Instrumente zur klinischen Diagnostik von selbstverletzendem Verhalten.
Z Psychiatr Psychol Psychother.
2009;
57
215-226
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 14
Nitkowski D, Petermann F.
Verhaltensdiagnostik selbstverletzenden Verhaltens.
Nervenheilkunde.
2009;
28
227-231
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 15
Salbach-Andrae H, Lenz K, Klinkowski N et al.
Selbstverletzendes Verhalten bei weiblichen Jugendlichen.
Z Psychiat Psychol Psych.
2007;
55
185-193
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 16
Luukkonen A H, Räsänen P, Hakko H et al.
Bullying behavior is related to suicide attempts but not to self-mutilation among
psychiatric inpatient adolescents.
Psychopathology.
2009;
42
131-138
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 17
Daigle M S, Côté G.
Nonfatal suicide-related behaviour among inmates: Testing for gender and type differences.
Suicide Life Threat Behav.
2006;
36
670-681
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 18
Gollust S E, Eisenberg D, Golberstein E.
Prevalence and correlates of self-injury among university students.
J Am Coll Health.
2008;
56
491-498
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 19
Kocalevent R D, Fliege H, Rose M et al.
Autodestructive Syndroms: A literature review.
Psychother Psychosom.
2005;
74
202-211
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 20
Lanes E.
Identification of risk factors for self-injurious behavior in male prisoners.
J Forensic Sci.
2009;
54
692-698
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 21
Nock M K, Kessler R C.
Prevalence of and risk factors for suicide attempts versus suicide gestures: Analysis
of the National Comorbidity Survey.
J Abnorm Psychol.
2006;
115
616-623
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 22
Dougherty M, Mathias C W, Marsh-Richard D M et al.
Impulsivity and clinical symptoms among adolescents with non-suicidal self-injury
with or without attempted suicide.
Psychiatry Res.
2009;
169
22-27
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 23
Groholt B, Ekeberg O, Haldorsen T.
Adolescents hospitalised with deliberate self-harm: The significance of an intention
to die.
Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry.
2000;
9
244-254
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 24
Hintikka J, Tolmunen T, Rissanen M L et al.
Mental disorders in self-cutting adolescents.
J Adolesc Health.
2009;
44
464-467
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 25
Jacobson C M, Muehlenkamp J J, Miller A L et al.
Psychiatric impairment among adolescents engaging in different types of deliberate
self-harm.
J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol.
2008;
37
363-375
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 26
Kumar G, Pepe D, Steer R A.
Adolescent psychiatric inpatients’ self-reported reasons for cutting themselves.
J Nerv Ment Dis.
2004;
192
830-836
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 27
Nock M K, Joiner T E, Gordon K H et al.
Non-suicidal self-injury among adolescents: Diagnostic correlates and relation to
suicide attempts.
Psychiatry Res.
2006;
144
65-72
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 28
Nock M K, Prinstein M J, Sterba S K.
Revealing the form and function of self-injurious thoughts and behaviors: A real-time
ecological assessment study among adolescents and young adults.
J Abnom Psychol.
2009;
118
816-827
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 29
Claes L, Muehlenkamp J J, Vandereycken W et al.
Comparison of non-suicidal self-injurious behavior and suicide attempts in patients
admitted to a psychiatric crisis unit.
Person Indiv Diff.
2010;
48
83-87
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 30
Fliege H, Lee J R, Grimm A et al.
Axis I comorbidity and psychopathological correlates of autodestructive syndroms.
Compr Psychiatry.
2009;
50
327-334
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 31
Kamphuis J H, Ruyling S B, Reijntjes A H.
Testing the emotion regulation hypothesis among self-injuring females.
J Nerv Ment Dis.
2007;
195
912-918
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 32
Marchetto M J.
Repetitive skin-cutting: Parental bonding, personality and gender.
Psychol Psychother Theor Res Pract.
2006;
79
445-459
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 33
Matsumoto T, Azekawa T, Yamaguchi A et al.
Habitual self-mutilation in Japan.
Psychiatry Clin Neurosci.
2004;
58
191-198
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 34
Rogers B A, Pease F, Ricketts D M.
The surgical management of patients who deliberately self-harm.
Ann R Coll Surg Engl.
2009;
91
59-62
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 35
Skegg K, Nada-Raja S, Moffitt T E.
Minor self-harm and psychiatric disorder: A population-based study.
Suicide Life Threat Behav.
2004;
34
187-196
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 36
Robins L N, Wing J, Wittchen H U et al.
The Composite International Diagnostic Interview: an epidemiologic instrument suitable
for use in conjunction with different diagnostic systems and in different cultures.
Arch Gen Psychiatry.
1988;
45
1069-1077
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 37 Wittchen H U, Pfister H. DIA-X-Interviews: manual for Screening. Verfahren und Interview. Swets und Zeitlinger. Frankfurt/Main; 1997
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 38 First M B, Spitzer R L, Gibbon M et al. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders, Research Version, Patient
Edition. (SCID-I/P). Biometrics Research, New York State, Psychiatric Institute. New York; 2002
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 39 Zanarini M C, Frankenburg F R, Sickel A E et al. The Diagnostic Interview for DSM-IV Personality Disorders (DIPD-IV). McLean Hospital. Boston, MA; 1996
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 40
Shaffer D, Fisher P, Dulcan M K et al.
The NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version 2,3 (DISC-2,3): description,
acceptability, prevalence rates, and performance in the MECA Study. Methods for the
Epidemiology of Child and Adolescent Mental Disorders Study.
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry.
1993;
35
865-877
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 41
Englert E, Poustka F.
Das Frankfurter Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrische Dokumentationssystem.
Prax der Kinderpsychol Kinderpsychiatr.
1995;
44
158-167
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 42
Kaufman J, Birmaher B, Brent D A et al.
Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children, Present
and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL): initial reliability and validity data.
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry.
1997;
36
980-988
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 43 Puig-Antich J, Chambers W. The Schedule for Affective Disorder and Schizophrenia for school aged children (K-SADS). New York State Psychiatric Institute. New York; 1978
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 44
Spitzer R L, Kroenke K, Williams J BW.
Validation and utilization of a self-report version of PRIME-MD: the PHQ Primary Care
Study.
J Am Med Assoc.
1999;
282
1737-1744
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 45
Helbig S, Petermann F.
Entwicklungspsychopathologie Sozialer Angststörungen.
Z Psychiat Psychol Psych.
2008;
56
211-226
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 46 Nitkowski D. Selbstverletzendes Verhalten in der klinischen Diagnostik: Erfassung des Phänomens
durch den kategorialen, funktionalistischen und dimensionalen Ansatz. . Dissertation, Universität Bremen; 2009
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 47
Gunderson J G, Ridolfi M E.
Borderline personality disorder: suicidality and self-mutilation.
Clin Sci Suicide Prev.
2001;
932
61-77
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 48
Zanarini M C, Frankenburg F R, Reich D B et al.
The 10-year course of physically self-destructive acts reported by borderline patients
and axis II comparison subjects.
Acta Psychiatr Scand.
2008;
177
177-184
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 49
Beauchaine T P, Klein D N, Crowell S E et al.
Multifinality in the development of personality disorders: a biology × sex × environment
interaction model of antisocial and borderline traits.
Dev Psychopathol.
2009;
21
735-770
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 50
Schmidt S, Petermann F.
Developmental psychopathology: attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD).
BMC Psychiatry.
2009;
9
58
DOI: 10.1186 / 1471-244X-9-58
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 51
Schmid M, Schmeck K, Petermann F.
Persönlichkeitsstörungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter?.
Kindh Entwick.
2008;
17
190-202
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 52
Ritter K, Roepke S, Merkl A et al.
Komorbiditäten bei Patienten mit einer Narzisstischen Persönlichkeitsstörung im Vergleich
zu Patienten mit einer Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung.
Psychother Psycho Med.
2010;
60
14-24
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 53
Skodol A E, Gunderson J G, Pfohl B et al.
The borderline diagnosis I: Psychopathology, comorbidity, and personality structure.
Biol Psychiatry.
2002;
51
936-950
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 54
Grant B F, Chou S P, Goldstein R B et al.
Prevalence, correlates, disability, and comorbidity of DSM-IV borderline personality
disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related
Conditions.
J Clin Psychiatry.
2008;
69
533-545
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
Dr. Dennis Nitkowski
Zentrum für Klinische Psychologie und Rehabilitation Universität Bremen
Grazer Straße 6
28359 Bremen
eMail: nitkowski@uni-bremen.de