Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Der chronische Cluster-Kopfschmerz (CCH) stellt für die Betroffenen eine enorme physische,
psychische und soziale Belastung und für die behandelnden Ärzte eine therapeutische
Herausforderung dar. Da ein Teil der Patienten durch ihre Medikation keine adäquate
Schmerzlinderung und durch Prophylaxe keine ausreichende Attackenreduktion erfahren,
muss nach Therapiealternativen gesucht werden. Methoden: In Essen wurden seit Dezember 2008 sieben Patienten mit CCH durch eine beidseitige
Stimulation des Nervus occipitalis (NOS) behandelt. Die Implantation der Stimulationselektroden
und Einstellung der Reizparameter erfolgte standardisiert. Das Follow-up beträgt bisher
6 – 12 Monate. Ergebnisse: Alle Patienten profitierten von der Operation. Die Attackenintensität reduzierte
sich im Median um die Hälfte bei gleichzeitiger Reduktion der Akutmedikation um durchschnittlich
77 %. Die medikamentöse Dauertherapie wurde bei einem Teil der Patienten reduziert.
Im SF-36 zeigten alle Patienten eine Verbesserung ihrer Lebensqualität. 6 Patienten
würden die Operation uneingeschränkt weiterempfehlen. Schlussfolgerung: Die beidseitige Stimulation des Nervus occipitalis ist eine vielversprechende Therapieform
für den CCH. Da der Wirkmechanismus sowie die optimalen Stimulationsparameter noch
unklar sind, sind weitere Untersuchungen zur Optimierung des Verfahrens erforderlich.
In Essen werden seit Oktober 2009 Patienten mit CCH zu diesem Zweck in eine prospektive
Studie eingeschlossen.
Abstract
Background: The chronic cluster headache (CCH) is a disabling disorder for every patient. Treatment
is a challenging situation for the physician. Some patients will not experience adaequate
resolution of their cluster attacks by medication and the prophylaxis does not reduce
the attacks sufficiently. Therefore, other treatment options have to be found. Methods: Since December 2008 seven patients with CCH have been treated by bilateral occipital
nerve stimulation (ONS) at the University Hospital Essen. Implantation of the electrodes
and stimulation paradigms were standardised. The maximum follow-up to date is 12 months.
Results: ONS was successfully employed in all patients. The intensity of the attacks decreased
by 50 %. The consumption of attack medication was reduced by 77 % on average. Some
patients could reduce their medication prophylaxis. A tendency towards improved quality
of life was seen in all patients by means of a standardised questionaire (SF-36).
One generator had to be exchanged due to infection. Scar formations required reoperation
and adhesiolysis of the thoracic connector in another patient. 6 out of 7 patients
would fully recommend the operation. Conclusion: Bilateral ONS is a promising treatment for CCH, with a low risk profile in our experience.
Further studies have to be conducted to clarify the mechanism of the stimulation and
optimal parameters of ONS. For this particular reason, patients with CCH have been
included in a prospective study since October 2009.
Schlüsselwörter
chronischer Cluster-Kopfschmerz - Nervus-occipitalis-Stimulation - Neuromodulation
Keywords
chronic cluster headache - occipital nerve stimulation - neuromodulation
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1 gleichberechtigte Autoren.
Dr. Oliver Marcus Müller
Neurochirurgie Universitätsklinikum Essen
Hufelandstr. 55
45147 Essen
eMail: oliver.mueller@uk-essen.de