Background & aims: Interleukin (IL)-17F is a novel proinflammatory cytokine which is a member of the
IL-17 cytokine family. IL-17F mediates signal transduction via the heterodimeric IL-17RA/IL-17RC
receptor complex. IL-17F is closely related to IL-17A. Both cytokines are secreted
by Th17 cells which play a major role in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD)
and other autoimmune diseases. Previous studies demonstrated that IL-17RA, the specific
receptor for IL-17A, is expressed in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). We therefore
analyzed expression, signal transduction and potential biological functions of IL-17F
in IECs.
Methods: Expression studies were performed by RT-PCR, Western blot analysis, and immunohistochemical
analysis. IL-17F mediated signaling was analyzed in Western blot experiments. IEC
restitution was analyzed by wounding assays in IEC monolayer cultures. Cell proliferation
was measured in MTS assays. The effect of IL-17F on apoptosis was analyzed by flow
cytometry.
Results: Using RT-PCR, we demonstrated expression of IL-17RA and IL-17RC in several colorectal
cancer (CRC)-derived IEC lines. High IL-17RC expression was found especially in DLD-1
cells which was also confirmed by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry.
DLD-1 cells were therefore used in the following experiments. IL-17F mediated the
activation of ERK-1/2 and p38 MAP kinases and of Akt but had no significant effect
on the phosphorylation levels of SAPK/JNK. IL-17F mediated signals resulted in significantly
increased cell proliferation (p=0.01) and an increase of IEC restitution in wounding
assays (p<0.0001). However, IL-17F had no significant effect on Fas ligand-induced
apoptosis. Importantly, colonic IL-17F mRNA expression was significantly increased
in inflamed colonic lesions in CD.
Conclusions: Here, we demonstrate for the first time expression of the functional IL-17F receptor
complex in CRC-derived IECs. IL-17F mediates up-regulation of IEC migration and proliferation
suggesting tumor promoting effects in CRC. Considering that previous studies demonstrated
that IL-23 promotes tumour incidence and growth (Nature 2006; 442:461–5), we propose
that some of these effects may be mediated via IL-23R-expressing Th17 cells promoting
IL-17F secretion.