The Diagnosis and Management of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

ABSTRACT

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a peripheral vestibular disorder that manifests as sudden, short-lived episodes of vertigo elicited by specific head movements. BPPV is one of the most common causes of dizziness or vertigo, and almost 10% of the elderly population experiences BPPV. It is often self-limiting but can become chronic and recurrent with considerable effects on a person's quality of life. Most cases result from the migration of free-floating canalith particles into the posterior (more commonly) or horizontal (less commonly) semicircular canals, rendering them sensitive to gravity. Diagnosis of BPPV is based on a suggestive history and physical examination, and other tests are not normally required. Repositioning maneuvers are highly efficacious in resolving BPPV. Medications are not an effective treatment option. Posterior canal occlusion surgery is highly effective and is reserved for intractable and severe cases.

KEYWORDS

BPV - BPPV - benign paroxysmal positional vertigo management - benign paroxysmal positional vertigo treatment - benign paroxysmal positional vertigo diagnosis

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