Primary and secondary prevention of cerebral ischemia

Classification of level of evidence

↑↑ Efficacy and usefulness is well supported by multiple appropriate clinical studies (i.e. controlled randomized trials), either one or more metaanalyses or systematic reviews.

↑Efficacy and usefulness is supported by at least one appropriate clinical study (i.e. controlled randomized trial).

↓↓ Lack of efficacy is well supported by one or more appropriate clinical studies (i.e. controlled randomized trial), either one or more metaanalyses or systematic reviews.

↔ No study results exist to prove any benefit or harm. This can be due lack of appropriate studies, or several studies with controversial results.

Literature

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