Tumorimmunologie und therapeutische immunologische Strategien in der Onkologie

Zusammenfassung

Die Wechselwirkungen zwischen Immunsystem und Tumorzellen stehen im Fokus immunologisch-onkologischer Forschung. Der Einfluss des Immunsystems auf die Prognose und den klinischen Verlauf eines Krebspatienten ist dabei in den letzten Jahren immer besser verstanden worden. Die gezielte Veränderung/Stimulation des Immunsystems eines Patienten mittels einer geeigneten Therapie ist bereits ein integraler Bestandteil der modernen onkologischen Therapie. Da die Regulation des Immunsystems hochkomplex ist, gibt es eine Vielzahl von Ansatzpunkten für neue Therapiestrategien. Diese bestehen hauptsächlich aus Antikörpertherapie, Immunmodulation und T-Zell-basierten Therapieansätzen. Aktuelle tumorimmunologische Modelle und Konzepte werden in diesem Artikel dargestellt.

Summary

The interaction between the immune system and malignant cells is a key element of research in oncology. The influence of the tumor-directed immune response on prognosis and the clinical course in tumor patients has become clearer recently. Shaping or modulating the immune response has become an integral part of treatment concepts in oncology. The underlying mechanisms in the regulation of the immune system are of high complexity. This complexity gives rise to a variety of different treatment approaches. Treatment strategies include the administration of antibodies, immunomodulatory strategies and T cell based therapies. Within this review the current concepts and future perspectives in understanding and modulating the immune system in the treatment of cancer are discussed.

Schlüsselwörter

immunologische Therapien - Antikörper - Vakzinierung - T-Zellen - T-Zellrezeptor - Onkologie

Keywords

immunologic therapies - antibodies - vaccination - T cells - T-cell receptor - oncology

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