Biological alternatives to insulin therapy

Reinhard G. Bretzel

doi:10.1055/s-0029-1212149

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Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 1999; 107: S39-S43
DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1212149

Biological alternatives to insulin therapy

Reinhard G. Bretzel

III. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Giessen, Germany

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Publication History

Publication Date:
14 July 2009 (online)

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Abstract

Beta-cell replacement either by pancreas or islet transplantation is the only treatment to achieve an insulin-independent, constantly normoglycemic state avoiding hypoglycemic episodes in patients with type-1 diabetes mellitus. This article reviews the worldwide experience with these treatments and reports the very recent progress as well as the perspectives of islet transplants in non-uremic patients.

Key words

Pancreas transplantation - islet transplantation - end-stage renal disease - kidney transplantation - allo-autoimmunity - immunosuppression - immunotolerance