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Aktuelle Dermatologie 2009; 35(4): 120-128
DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1119597
Übersicht

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Stammzellen und ihre Bedeutung in der Dermatologie

Epidermal Stem Cells and their Importance in DermatologyC.  C.  Zouboulis1,  2
  • 1Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie/Immunologisches Zentrum, Städtisches Klinikum Dessau, Dessau-Roßlau
  • 2Laboratorium für Biogerontologie, Dermatopharmakologie und Dermato-Endokrinologie, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin
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Publication History

Publication Date:
30 March 2009 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Die Hauthomeostase wird von epidermalen Stammzellen gesichert, welche sich selbsterneuern und Tochterzellen generieren, die eine terminale Differenzierung ausweisen. Mehrere spezialisierte Hautstammzellenpopulationen sind bereits nachgewiesen worden. Genetische Markierungsstudien wiesen multipotente Stammzellen im Haarfollikel auf, welche die Regeneration der Haarfollikel unterstützen, aber für den Aufbau der interfollikulären Epidermis nicht verantwortlich sind. Die Letztere besitzt eine eigene Stammzellpopulation. Bei Gefährdung der Hautintegrität, z. B. nach Verbrennung, übernehmen jedoch Haarfollikelstammzellen die epidermale Regeneration. Andererseits sind die Zellen der Wulstregion, die ersten adulten Hautstammzellen, die identifiziert wurden, fähig, Haarfollikel, interfollikuläre Epidermis und Talgdrüsen zu bilden. Außerdem können sich aus Zellen der Wulstregion – mindestens in den Haarfollikeln der Maus – auch nichtepitheliale Zellen entwickeln, welche auf einen abstammungsunabhängigen, pluripotenten Charakter der Wulstregion hinweisen. Multipotente Zellen (hautabstammende Progenitorzellen) sind in der menschlichen Dermis vorhanden. Dermale Stammzellen stellen 0,3 % der Vorhautfibroblasten dar. Progenitorzellen existieren auch in den Talgdrüsen und sind in der Lage, sowohl Talgdrüsenzellen als auch Zellen der interfollikulären Epidermis zu generieren. Die unterschiedliche Selbsterneuerung und Abstammungsdifferenzierung der Stammzellen der Haut machen diese Zellen für die regenerative Medizin, die Gewebeersatzforschung, die Gentherapie und die zellbasierte Therapie mit autologen adulten Stammzellen attraktiv.

Abstract

Skin integrity is maintained by epidermal stem cells, which self-renew and generate daughter cells that undergo terminal differentiation. Existence of several distinct skin stem cell populations has been reported. Genetic labelling studies detected multipotent stem cells of the hair follicle, which support regeneration of hair follicles but is not responsible for maintaining interfollicular epidermis. The latter exhibits a distinct stem cell population. However, whenever skin integrity is severely compromised, e. g. after burns, hair follicle stem cells remodel epidermal regeneration. On the other hand, bulge cells, the first adult stem cells of the skin to have been identified, are capable of forming hair follicles, interfollicular epidermis and sebaceous glands. In addition – at least in mouse hair follicles – they can also give rise to non-epithelial cells, indicating a lineage-independent pluripotent character. Multipotent cells (skin-derived precursor cells) are present in human dermis. Dermal stem cells represent 0.3 % among human dermal foreskin fibroblasts. A resident pool of progenitor cells exists within the sebaceous glands, which is able to differentiate into both sebocytes and interfollicular epidermis. The self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation of skin stem cells make these cells attractive for regenerative medicine, tissue repair, gene therapy and cell-based therapy with autologous adult stem cells.

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Prof. Dr. Christos C. Zouboulis

Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie/ Immunologisches Zentrum
Städtisches Klinikum Dessau

Auenweg 38
06847 Dessau-Roßlau

Email: christos.zouboulis@klinikum-dessau.de

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