Zusammenfassung
Es wird ein Fall von dissoziativer Identitätsstörung beschrieben, bei dem neben verschiedenen Bewusstseinszuständen auch Schneidersche Erstrangsymptome auffielen, die differenzialdiagnostisch an eine Schizophrenie denken ließen. Wegen fehlender formaler Denkstörungen und fehlender Negativsymptomatik sowie einer charakteristischen schwer traumatisierten Biografie wurde die Diagnose einer komorbiden schizophrenen Störung trotz formal erfüllter ICD-10-Kriterien nicht gestellt. Das Auftreten psychotischer Symptome bei dissoziativen Störungen ist empirisch gut gesichert, die Differenzialdiagnose wird aber in der Praxis zu selten in Erwägung gezogen.
Abstract
We present a case of dissociative identity disorder in which Schneiderian first rank symptoms were present besides of various states of consciousness. Thus the diagnosis of schizophrenia had to be considered. Formally, the symptoms met ICD-10 criteria for schizophrenia. However, taking into account the lack of formal thought disorder and of negative symptoms as well as a typical history of severe and prolonged traumatisation, we did not diagnose a co-morbid schizophrenic disorder. There is good evidence for the existence of psychotic symptoms among patients with dissociative disorders. However, in clinical practice this differential diagnosis is rarely considered.
Schlüsselwörter
Schizophrenie - Schneidersche Erstrangsymptome - Differenzialdiagnose - dissoziative Identitätsstörung - Halluzinationen
Key words
schizophrenia - Schneiderian first rank symptoms - dissociative identity disorder - differential diagnosis - hallucination
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Dr. med. Stefan Tschöke
Zentrum für Psychiatrie Weissenau, Abt. Psychiatrie I der Universität Ulm
Weingartshoferstr. 2
88214 Ravensburg
eMail: stefan.tschoeke@zfp-weissenau.de