Subscribe to RSS
DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1109570
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Inter- und Intraobserverreliabilität definierter Messpunkte zur sonografischen Diagnostik des Karpaltunnelsyndroms – eine Validierungsstudie an gesunden Probanden
Inter- and Intraobserver Reliability of Predefined Diagnostic Levels in High-Resolution Sonography of the Carpal Tunnel Syndrome – a Validation Study on Healthy VolunteersPublication History
                     eingereicht: 21.8.2008
                     
                     angenommen: 1.6.2009
                     
Publication Date:
21 October 2009 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Ziel: Die sonografische Untersuchung gewinnt in der Diagnostik des Karpaltunnelsyndroms (KTS) zunehmend an Bedeutung. Die meisten sonografischen Untersuchungen verlassen sich auf einzelne Querschnittsmessungen des N. medianus, individuelle Unterschiede der Nervendicke werden dabei nicht berücksichtigt. Ziel dieser Studie ist es, die Intra- und Interobserverreliabilität der Sonografie des N. medianus am Karpaltunnel für definierte gleichseitige Messpunkte der Nervenquerschnittsfläche zu bestimmen. Material and Methoden: 50 Handgelenke gesunder Probanden wurden von 2 Untersuchern unabhängig sonografisch untersucht und die Querschnittsfläche des N. medianus dabei am Karpaltunneleingang sowie 2 cm proximal der Handgelenksbeugefalte bestimmt. Die Höhe und Breite des Karpaltunnels wurde anhand von anatomischen Fixpunkten, die Intra- und Interobserverreliabilität mittels Cronbach’s α ermittelt. Ergebnisse: Die Mittelwerte für die Breite des Karpalkanals betrugen je nach Untersucher 3,37 cm und 3,43 cm, für die Karpalkanalhöhe 1,18 cm und 1,19 cm. Die Mittelwerte der Nervenquerschnittsfläche lagen bei 8,43 und 9,05 mm2 (distaler Messpunkt) sowie 9,37 und 9,68 mm2 (proximaler Messpunkt). Die Interobserverreliabilität lag zwischen 0,754 und 0,940 (Cronbach’s α), die Intraobserverreliabilität zwischen 0,924 und 0,996. Schlussfolgerung: Um die Sonografie zur KTS-Diagnostik zuverlässig einsetzen zu können, muss die Anwenderfreundlichkeit mit reproduzierbaren Messwerten dokumentiert werden. Unsere Studie bestätigt eine sehr gute sonografische Reproduzierbarkeit definierter Messpunkte, die den Einsatz des Verfahrens rechtfertigt. Weitere Untersuchungen sollen zeigen, ob der Quotient dieser Werte eine Aussage in der Diagnostik eines KTS zulässt.
Abstract
Purpose: High-resolution ultrasound is becoming increasingly important in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Most studies define cut-off values of the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the median nerve in different locations. The individual range of nerve swelling, the size of the nerve, and its CSA are not addressed. The aim of the study is to define the intra- and interobserver reliability of diagnostic ultrasound using two different cross-sectional areas of the median nerve at the carpal tunnel in predefined locations. Materials and Methods: Two observers using high-resolution ultrasound examined 50 wrists of healthy volunteers independently. The CSA of the median nerve was measured at the entrance of the carpal tunnel and 2 cm proximal to the palmar wrist crease. The height and width of the carpal tunnel were determined using anatomical landmarks. The intra- and interobserver reliability was determined using Cronbach’s α. Results: Depending on the observer, the mean width of the carpal tunnel ranged from 3.37 to 3.43 cm with the height ranging from 1.18 and 1.19 cm. The CSA of the nerve was measured with values of 8.43 and 9.05 mm2 on the pisiform level and 9.37 and 9.68 mm2 on the proximal level. Cronbach’s α ranged from 0.754 to 0.940 for the interobserver reliability and from 0.924 to 0.996 for the intraobserver reliability. Conclusion: To use high-resolution ultrasound for the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome, the reproducibility of this method has to be evaluated. Our study confirms examiner-independent reproducibility of two predefined diagnostic cross-sectional areas resulting in good α values.
Key words
median nerve - carpal tunnel syndrome - ultrasound - sonography - interobserver reliability
Literatur
- 1 
            Bianchi S, Martinolli C, Abdelwahab I F. 
            High-frequencyy ultrasound examination of the wrist and hand. 
            Skeletal Radiol. 
            1999; 
            28 
            121-129 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 2 
            Rempel D, Dahlin L, Lundborg G. 
            Pathophysiology of nerve compression syndromes: response of peripheral nerves to loading. 
            J Bone Joint Surg Am. 
            1999; 
            81 
            1600-1610 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 3 
            Wee A S, Abernathy S D. 
            Carpal tunnel syndrome: comparison of the median sensory nerve conduction findings
            from the index and middle fingers. 
            Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol. 
            2003; 
            43 
            251-253 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 4 
            El-Karabaty H, Hetzel A, Galla T J. et al .
            The effect of carpal tunnel release on median nerve flattening and nerve conduction. 
            Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol. 
            2005; 
            45 
            223-227 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 5 
            Buchberger W, Judmaier W, Birbamer G. et al .
            Carpal tunnel syndrome: diagnosis with high-resolution sonography. 
            Am J Roentgenol. 
            1992; 
            159 
            793-799 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 6 
            Buchberger W, Schon G, Strasser K. et al .
            High-resolution ultrasonography of the carpal tunnel. 
            J Ultrasound Med. 
            1991; 
            10 
            531-537 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 7 
            Keberle M, Jenett M, Kenn W. et al .
            Technical advances in ultrasound and MR imaging of carpal tunnel syndrome. 
            Eur Radiol. 
            2000; 
            10 
            1043-1050 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 8 
            Lee D, Holsbeek M T, Janevski P K. et al .
            Diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrom: ultrasound versus electromyography. 
            Radiol Clin North Am. 
            1999; 
            37 
            859-872 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 9 
            Sarria van L, Cabada T, Cozcolluela R. et al .
            Carpal tunnel syndrome: usefulness of sonography (review). 
            Eur Radiol. 
            2000; 
            10 
            1920-1925 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 10 
            Duncan I, Sullivan P, Lomas F. 
            Sonography in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome. 
            Am J Roentgenol. 
            1999; 
            173 
            681-684 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 11 
            Kwon B C, Jung K I, Baek G H. 
            Comparison of sonography and electrodiagnostic testing in the diagnosis of carpal
            tunnel syndrome. 
            J Hand Surg. 
            2008; 
            33 
            65-71 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 12 
            Wiesler E R, Chloros G D, Cartwright M S. et al .
            The use of diagnostic ultrasound in carpal tunnel syndrome. 
            J Hand Surg. 
            2006; 
            31 
            726-732 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 13 
            Wong S M, Griffith J F, Hui A C. et al .
            Carpal tunnel syndrome: diagnostic usefulness of sonography. 
            Radiology. 
            2004; 
            232 
            93-99 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 14 
            Wong S M, Griffith J F, Hui A C. et al .
            Discriminatory sonographic criteria for the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome. 
            Arthritis Rheum. 
            2002; 
            46 
            1914-1921 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 15 
            Ziswiler H R, Reichenbach S, Vögelin E. et al .
            Diagnostic Value of Sonography in Patients With Suspected Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.
            A Prospective Study. 
            Arthritis & Rheumatism. 
            2005; 
            52 
            304-311 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 16 
            Atroshi I, Gummesson C, Johnsson R. et al .
            Diagnostic properties of nerve conduction tests in population-based carpal tunnel
            syndrome. 
            BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 
            2003; 
            4 
            9 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 17 
            Swen W A, Jacobs J W, Bussemaker F E. et al .
            Carpal tunnel sonography by the rheumatologist versus nerve conduction study by the
            neurologist. 
            J Rheumatol. 
            2001; 
            28 
            62-69 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 18 
            Nakamichi K, Tachibana S. 
            Ultrasonographic measurement of median nerve cross-sectional area in idiopathic carpal
            tunnel syndrome: diagnostic accuracy. 
            Muscle Nerve. 
            2002; 
            26 
            798-803 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 19 
            Leonard L, Rangan A, Doyle G. et al .
            Carpal tunnel syndrome: is high-frequency ultrasound a useful diagnostic tool?. 
            J Hand Surg. 
            2003; 
            28 
            77-79 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 20 
            Keles I, Kendi A TK, Aydin G. et al .
            Diagnostic Precision of Ultrasonography in Patients with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. 
            Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 
            2005; 
            84 
            443-450 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 21 
            Koyuncuoglu H R, Kutluhan S, Yesildag A. et al .
            The value of ultrasonographic measurement in carpal tunnel syndrome in patients with
            negative electrodiagnostic tests. 
            Eur J Radiol. 
            2005; 
            56 
            365-369 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 22 
            El Miedany Y M, Aty S A, Ashour S. 
            Ultrasonography versus nerve conduction study in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome:
            substantive or complementary tests?. 
            Rheumatology. 
            2004; 
            43 
            887-895 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 23 
            Kele H, Verheggen R, Bittermann H J. et al .
            The potential value of ultrasonography in the evaluation of carpal tunnel syndrome. 
            Neurology. 
            2003; 
            61 
            389-391 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 24 
            Bayrak I K, Bayrak A O, Tilki H E. et al .
            Ultrasonography in carpal tunnel syndrome: comparison with electrophysiological stage
            and motor unit number estimate. 
            Muscle Nerve. 
            2007; 
            35 
            344-348 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 25 
            Kuo M H, Leong C P, Cheng Y F. et al .
            Static wrist position associated with least median nerve compression: sonographic
            evaluation. 
            Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 
            2001; 
            80 
            256-260 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 26 
            Nakamichi K I, Tachibana S. 
            Enlarged median nerve in idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome. 
            Muscle Nerve. 
            2000; 
            23 
            1713-1718 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
Dr. Sebastian Kluge
         Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University of Bern, Inselspital
         
         Freiburgstraße
         
         3010 Bern
         
         Switzerland
         
         Phone:  ++  41/31/6 32 35 34
         
         Fax:  ++  41/31/6 32 34 96
         
         Email: sebastian.kluge@gmx.ch
         
         
 
     
      
    
