Zusammenfassung
Als „Intervallkarzinome” werden kolorektale Karzinome bezeichnet, die trotz Screening-Koloskopie
auftreten. Diese Karzinome sind wahrscheinlich häufiger als vermutet, es entstehen
etwa 2 / 1 000 Patientenjahre. Im Wesentlichen gibt es 3 Ursachen für Intervallkarzinome.
Die häufigste Ursache (ca. 50 %) ist das Übersehen eines Polyps bei der Koloskopie.
Andere Ursachen sind das Wachstum von De-novo-Tumoren im Intervall (ca. 25 %) oder
ein Rezidiv nach Polypektomie (ca. 25 %). Bei Kenntnis dieser Ursachen kann die Screening-Strategie
optimiert werden. Grundvoraussetzung eines erfolgreichen Screenings ist eine hohe
Qualität der Indexkoloskopie. Durch Risikostratifikation bereits bei der Indexkoloskopie
kann ein optimaler Zeitpunkt für die Verlaufsuntersuchung bestimmt werden. Das Polypenmanagement
sollte engmaschige Kontrollen bei schwierigen Polypektomien umfassen. Serratierte
Adenome müssen als neoplastische Läsionen behandelt werden. Die meisten Intervallkarzinome
werden im Rahmen des Screenings in Frühstadien entdeckt, insofern rettet Screening
auch bei diesen Patienten Leben.
Abstract
Colorectal cancer occuring during colonoscopy screening intervals is called ”Interval
carcinoma”. These cancers are more frequent than expected, occurring in about 2 /
1 000 patient years. There are 3 main causes for interval carcinomas: 50 % result
from failed detection of polyps during colonoscopy. 25 % represent tumors developing
during the screening interval and 25 % result from incomplete polypectomy. Knowing
these etiologies screening can be optimized. Optimal quality of colonoscopy is required
for adequate screening. Risk stratification after the first colonoscopy allows optimal
timing of follow-up-examinations. Difficult polypectomies require short intervals
for follow-up. Serrated adenomas should be treated as neoplastic lesions. Interval
carcinomas are often detected during screening in earlier stages, so colonoscopy screening
does save lives also in these patients.
Schlüsselwörter
Kolonkarzinom - Screening - Koloskopie
Key words
colon carcinoma - screening - colonoscopy
Literatur
- 1 Altenhofen L, Brenner G. Projektbericht wissenschaftliche Begleitung von Früherkennungskoloskopien
in Deutschland – Berichtszeitraum 2006.
www.zi-berlin.de 1.6.2008
- 2
Winawer S J, Zauber A G, Ho M N et al.
Prevention of colorectal cancer by colonoscopic polypectomy. The National Polyp Study
Workgroup.
N Engl J Med.
1993;
329
1977-1981
- 3
Robertson D J, Greenberg E R, Beach M et al.
Colorectal cancer in patients under close colonoscopic surveillance.
Gastroenterology.
2005;
129
34-41
- 4
Pabby A, Schoen R E, Weissfeld J L et al.
Analysis of colorectal cancer occurrence during surveillance colonoscopy in the dietary
Polyp Prevention Trial.
Gastrointest Endosc.
2005;
61
385-391
- 5
Alberts D S, Martínez M E, Roe D J et al.
Lack of effect of a high-fiber cereal supplement on the recurrence of colorectal adenomas.
Phoenix Colon Cancer Prevention Physicians’ Network.
N Engl J Med.
2000;
342
1156-1162
- 6
Farrar W D, Sawhney M S, Nelson D B et al.
Colorectal cancers found after a complete colonoscopy.
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol.
2006;
4
1259-1264
- 7
Jørgensen O D, Kronborg O, Fenger C.
The Funen Adenoma Follow-up Study. Incidence and death from colorectal carcinoma in
an adenoma surveillance program.
Scand J Gastroenterol.
1993;
28
869-874
- 8
Rex D K, Cutler C S, Lemmel G T et al.
Colonoscopic miss rates of adenomas determined by back-to-back colonoscopies.
Gastroenterology.
1997;
112
24-28
- 9
Singh H, Turner D, Xue L et al.
Risk of developing colon cancer following a negative colonoscopy examination: evidence
for a 10-year-interval between colonoscopies.
JAMA.
2006;
295
2366-2373
- 10
Lanspa S J, Jenkins J X, Cavalieri R J et al.
Surveillance in Lynch syndrome: how aggressive?.
Am J Gastroenterol.
1994;
89
1978-1980
- 11
Mueller-Koch Y, Vogelsang H, Kopp R et al.
Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer: clinical and molecular evidence for a
new entity of hereditary colorectal cancer.
Gut.
2005;
54
1733-1740
, Epub 2005 Jun 14
- 12
Salovaara R, Loukola A, Kristo P et al.
Population-based molecular detection of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer.
J Clin Oncol.
2000;
18
2193-2200
- 13
Sawhney M S, Farrar W D, Gudiseva S et al.
Microsatellite instability in interval colon cancers.
Gastroenterology.
2006;
131
1700-1705
- 14
Hawkins N J, Ward R L.
Sporadic colorectal cancers with microsatellite instability and their possible origin
in hyperplastic polyps and serrated adenomas.
J Natl Cancer Inst.
2001;
93
1307-1313
- 15
Barclay R L, Vicari J J, Doughty A S et al.
Colonoscopic withdrawal times and adenoma detection during screening colonoscopy.
N Engl J Med.
2006;
355
2533-2541
- 16
Rembacken B J, Fujii T, Cairns A et al.
Flat and depressed colonic neoplasms: a prospective study of 1 000 colonoscopies in
the UK.
Lancet.
2000;
355
1211-1214
- 17
Walsh R M, Ackroyd F W, Shellito P C.
Endoscopic resection of large sessile colorectal polyps.
Gastrointest Endosc.
1992;
38
303-309
- 18
Lieberman D A, Weiss D G, Harford W V et al.
Five-year colon surveillance after screening colonoscopy.
Gastroenterology.
2007;
133
1077-1085
- 19
Atkin W S, Morson B C, Cuzick J.
Long-term risk of colorectal cancer after excision of rectosigmoid adenomas.
N Engl J Med.
1992;
326
658-662
- 20 Schmiegel W et al. S3-Leitlinie „Kolorektales Karzinom” 2007 / 2008. im Druck
Dr. M. Bechtler
Medizinische Klinik C · Klinikum Ludwigshafen
Bremserstraße 79
67063 Ludwigshafen
Phone: 06 21 / 5 03 41 00
Email: MBechtler@gmx.net