Literatur
- 1
Schäfer T, Schläfke M E, Westhoff M. et al .
Zentrale Schlafapnoe – Pathophysiologie, Relevanz,
Diagnostik und Therapie.
Somnologie.
2008;
12
190-204
- 2 American Academy of Sleep Medicine .ICSD-2 – International classification of sleep
disorders, 2nd ed.: Diagnostic and coding manual. Westchester, Illinois: American
Academy of Sleep
Medicine 2005
- 3
Duchna H W.
Schlafbezogene Atmungsstörungen – Neuauflage der
Internationalen Klassifikation von Schlafstörungen (ICSD-2) der American
Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM).
Pneumologie.
2006;
60
568-575
- 4
Eckert D J, Jordan A S, Merchia P. et al .
Central sleep apnea: Pathophysiology and treatment.
Chest.
2007;
131
595-607
- 5
Schläfke M E, Schäfer C, Schäfer T.
Das Undine-Syndrom als kongenitales zentrales
Hypoventilationssyndrom (CCHS).
Somnologie.
1999;
3
128-133
- 6
Khoo M CK, Berry R B.
Modeling the interaction between arousal and chemical drive
in sleep-disordered breathing.
Sleep.
1996;
19
S167-S169
- 7
Xie A L, Rutherford R, Rankin F. et al .
Hypocapnia and increased ventilatory responsiveness in
patients with idiopathic central sleep apnea.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med.
1995;
152
1950-1955
- 8
Javaheri S.
Central sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome in heart failure:
prevalence, impact, and treatment.
Sleep.
1996;
19
S229-S231
- 9
Hanly P, Zuberi N, Gray R.
Pathogenesis of cheyne-stokes respiration in patients with
congestive heart failure.
Chest.
1996;
104
1079-1084
- 10
Badr M S, Toiber F, Skatrud J B. et al .
Pharyngeal narrowing/occlusion during central sleep
apnea.
J Appl Physiol.
195;
78
1806-1815
- 11
Penzel T, Brandenburg U, Grote L. et al .
Atmungsfunktionsdiagnostik im Schlaf: Möglichkeiten und
Grenzen.
Pneumologie.
1997;
51
444-449
- 12
American Academy of Sleep Medicine Task Force .
Sleep-related breathing disorders in adults: recommendations
for syndrome definition and measurement techniques in clinical research. The
Report of an American Academy of Sleep Medicine Task Force.
Sleep.
1999;
22
667-689
- 13
Penzel T, Brandenburg U, Fischer J. et al .
Empfehlungen zur computergestützten Aufzeichnung und
Auswertung von Polygraphien.
Somnologie.
1998;
2
42-48
- 14
de Backer W A, Verbraecken J, Willemen M. et al .
Central apnea index decreases after prolonged treatment with
acetazolamide.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med.
1995;
151
87-91
- 15
Ancoli-Israel S, Kripke D F, Mason W.
Characteristics of obstructive and central sleep apnea in the
elderly: an interim report.
Biol Psychiatry.
1987;
22
741-750
- 16
Bradley T D, Phillipson E A.
Central sleep apnea.
Clin Chest Med.
1992;
13
493-505
- 17
Westhoff M.
Häufigkeit zentraler Apnoen und prädiktive Faktoren
für ihr Auftreten sowie die Persistenz unter CPAP-Therapie.
Pneumologie.
2006;
60
326-327
- 18
Bradley T D, McNicholas W T, Rutherford R. et al .
Clinical and physiologic heterogeneity of the central sleep
apnea syndrome.
Am Rev Respir Dis.
1986;
134
217-221
- 19
Verbraecken J, Willemen M, Wittesaele W. et al .
Short-term CPAP does not influence the increased
CO2 drive in idipathic central sleep apnea.
Monaldi Arch Chest Dis.
2002;
57
10-18
- 20
White D P, Zwillich C W, Pickett C K. et al .
Central sleep apnea. Improvement with acetazolamide
therapy.
Arch Intern Med.
1982;
142
1816-1819
- 21
Xie A L, Wong B, Phillipson E A. et al .
Interaction of hyperventilation and arousal in the
pathogenesis of idiopathic central sleep apnea.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med.
1994;
150
489-495
- 22
Schulz R, Blau A, Börger J. et al .
Prävalenz schlafbezogener Atemstörungen bei
Patienten mit schwerer Linksherzinsuffizienz – aktuelle Daten einer
deutschen Multizenterstudie.
Pneumologie.
2005;
59
279
- 23
Hall M J, Xie A L, Rutherford R. et al .
Cycle length of periodic breathing in patients with and
without heart failure.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med.
1996;
154
376-381
- 24
Sullivan C E, Berthon-Jones M, Issa F G. et al .
Reversal of obstructive sleep apnea by continuous positive
airway pressure applied through the nose.
The Lancet.
1981;
1
862-865
- 25
Issa F G, Sullivan C E.
Reversal of central sleep apnea using nasal CPAP.
Chest.
1986;
90
165-171
- 26
Solin P, Roebuck T, Swieca J. et al .
Effects of cardiac dysfunction on nonhypercapnic central
sleep apnea.
Chest.
1998;
113
104-110
- 27
Solin P, Roebuck T, Johns D P. et al .
Peripheral and central ventilatory responses in central sleep
apnea with and without congestive heart failure.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med.
2000;
162
2194-2200
- 28
Mansfield D R, Solin P, Roebuck T. et al .
The effect of successful heart transplant treatment of heart
failure on central sleep apnea.
Chest.
2003;
124
1675-1681
- 29
Leung R S, Huber M A, Rogge T. et al .
Association between atrial fibrillation and central sleep
apnea.
Sleep.
2005;
28
1543-1546
- 30
Lanfranchi P A, Braghiroli A, Bosimi E.
Prognostic value of nocturnal Cheyne-Stokes respiration in
chronic heart failure.
Circulation.
1999;
99
1435-1440
- 31
Hanly P J, Zuberi-Khokhar N.
Increased mortality associated with Cheyne-Stokes respiration
in patients with congestive heart failure.
Am Rev Respir Dis.
1996;
153
272-276
- 32
Lanfranchi P A, Somers V K, Braghiroli A. et al .
Central sleep apnea in left ventricular dysfunction:
prevalence and implications for arrhythmic risk.
Circulation.
2003;
107
727-732
- 33
Sin D D, Logan A G, Fitzgerald F S. et al .
Effects of continuous positive airway pressure on
cardiovascular outcomes in heart failure patients with and without
Cheyne-Stokes respiration.
Circulation.
2000;
102
61-66
- 34
Brack T, Thuer I, Clarenbach C F. et al .
Daytime Cheyne-Stokes respiration in ambulatory patients with
severe congestive heart failure is associated with increased mortality.
Chest.
2007;
132
1463-1471
- 35
Bradley T D, Logan A G, Kimoff R J. et al .
Continuous positive airway pressure for central sleep apnea
and heart failure.
N Engl J Med.
2005;
353
2025-2033
- 36
Arzt M, Floras J S, Logan A G. et al .
Suppression of central sleep apnea by continuous positive
airway pressure and transplant-free survival in heart failure: a post hoc
analysis of the Canadian Continuous Positive Airway Pressure for Patients with
Central Sleep Apnea and Heart Failure Trial (CANPAP).
Circulation.
2007;
115
3173-3180
- 37
Schulz R, Baseler G, Ghofrani H A. et al .
Nocturnal periodic breathing in primary pulmonary
hypertension.
Eur Respir J.
2002;
19
658-663
- 38
Oksenberg A, Arons E, Snir D. et al .
Cheyne-Stokes respiration during sleep: a possible effect of
body position.
Med Sci Monit.
2002;
8
CS61-65
- 39
Sahlin C, Svanborg E, Stenlund H. et al .
Cheyne-Stokes respiration and supine dependency.
Eur Resp J.
2005;
25
829-833
- 40
Tkacova R, Niroumand M, Lorenzi-Filho G. et al .
Overnight shift from obstructive to central apneas.
Circulation.
2001;
103
238-243
- 41
Bassetti C, Aldrich M S, Quint D.
Sleep-disordered breathing in patients with acute supra- and
infratentorial strokes: A prospective study of 39 patients.
Stroke.
1997;
28
1765-1772
- 42
Botelho R V, Bittencourt L R, Rotta J M. et al .
A prospective controlled study of sleep respiratory events in
patients with craniovertebral junction malformation.
J Neurosurg.
2003;
99
1004-1009
- 43
Gagnadoux F, Meslier N, Svab I. et al .
Sleep-disordered breathing in patients with Chiari
malformation: improvement after surgery.
Neurology.
2006;
66
136-138
- 44
Lam B, Ryan C F.
Arnold-Chiari malformation presenting as sleep apnea
syndrome.
Sleep Med.
2000;
1
139-144
- 45
Zolty P, Sanders M H, Pollack I F.
Chiari malformation and sleep-disordered breathing: a review
of diagnostic and management issues.
Sleep.
2000;
23
637-643
- 46
Lopez-Esteban P, Peraita-Adrados R.
Sleep and respiratory disorders in myotonic dystrophy of
Steinert.
Neurologia.
2000;
15
102-108
- 47
Tagasugi T, Ishihara T, Kawamura J. et al .
Respiratory failure: respiratory disorders during sleep in
patients with myotonic dystrophy.
Rinsho Shinkeigaku.
1995;
35
1468-1486
- 48
Grunstein R R, Ho K Y, Berthon-Jones M. et al .
Central sleep apnea is associated with increased ventilatory
response to carbon dioxide and hypersecretion of growth hormone in patients
with acromegaly.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med.
1994;
150
496-502
- 49
Blanco Perez J J, Blanco-Ramos M A, Zamarron Sanz C. et al .
Acromegaly and sleep apnea.
Arch Bronchopneumol.
2004;
40
355-359
- 50
Wessendorf T E.
Schlafapnoe bei Akromegalie.
Somnologie.
2003;
7 Suppl. 1
31
- 51
Resnick H E, Redline S, Shahar E. et al .
Diabetes and sleep disturbances: findings from the Sleep
Heart Health Study.
Diabetes Care.
2003;
26
702-709
- 52
Famey R J, Walker J M, Cloward T V. et al .
Sleep-disordered breathing associated with long-term opioid
therapy.
Chest.
2003;
123
632-639
- 53
Teichtahl H, Prodromidis A, Miller B. et al .
Sleep-disordered breathing in stable methadone programme
patients: a pilot study.
Addiction.
2001;
96
395-403
- 54
Wang D, Teichtahl H, Drummer O. et al .
Central sleep apnea in stable methadone maintenance treatment
patients.
Chest.
2005;
128
1348-1356
- 55
Westhoff M, Litterst P, Richling F. et al .
Schlafbezogene Atemstörung und
Morphinpumpentherapie.
Somnologie.
2004;
8 Suppl. 1
27-28
- 56
Trinder J, Whitworth F, Kay A. et al .
Respiratory instability during sleep onset.
J Appl Physiol.
1992;
73
2462-2469
- 57
Zwillich C W, Pickett C, Hanson F N. et al .
Disturbed sleep and prolonged apnea during nasal obstruction
in normal men.
Am Rev Respir Dis.
1981;
124
158-160
- 58
Javaheri S, Parker T J, Liming J D. et al .
Sleep apnea in 81 ambulatory male patients with stable heart
failure. Types and their prevalences, consequences, and presentations.
Circulation.
1998;
97
2154-2159
- 59
Hommura F, Nishimura M, Oguri M. et al .
Continuous versus bilevel positive airway pressure in a
patient with idiopathic central sleep apnea.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med.
1997;
155
1482-1485
- 60
Ayappa I, Norman R G, Rapoport D M.
Cardiogenic oscillations on the airflow signal during
continuous positive airway pressure as a marker of central apnea.
Chest.
1999;
116
660-666
- 61
Thomas R J, Terzano M G, Parrino L. et al .
Obstructive sleep-disordered breathing with a dominant cyclic
alternating pattern – a recognizable polysomnographic variant with
practical clinical implications.
Sleep.
2004;
27
229-234
- 62
Gilmartin G S, Daly R W, Thomas R J.
Recognition and management of complex sleep-disordered
breathing.
Curr Opin Pulm Med.
2005;
11
485-493
- 63
Kuzniar T J, Pusalavidyasagar S, Gay P C. et al .
Natural course of complex sleep apnea – a retrospective
study.
Sleep Breath.
2007;
- 64
Remme W J, Swedberg K.
Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Heart
Failure, European Society of Cardiology. Guidelines for the diagnosis and
treatment of chronic heart failure.
Eur Heart J.
2001;
22
1527-1560
- 65
Gabor J Y, Newman D A, Bernard-Roberts V. et al .
Improvement in Cheyne-Stokes respiration following cardiac
resynchronisation therapy.
Eur Respir J.
2005;
26
95-100
- 66
Javaheri S, Parker T J, Wexler L. et al .
Effect of theophylline on sleep-disordered breathing in heart
failure [see comments].
N Engl J Med.
1996;
335
562-567
- 67
Sutton J R, Houston C S, Mansell A L. et al .
Effect of azetazolamide on hypoxemia during sleep at high
altitude.
N Engl J Med.
1979;
301
1329-1331
- 68
Javaheri S.
Azetazolamide improves central sleep apnea in heart
failure.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med.
2006;
173
234-237
- 69
Javaheri S, Ahmed M, Parker T. et al .
Effects of nasal O2 on sleep-related disordered
breathing in amubulatory patients with stable heart failure.
Sleep.
1999;
22
1101-1106
- 70
Staniforth A D, Kinneart W JM, Starling R. et al .
Effect of oxygen on sleep quality, cognitive function and
sympathetic activity in patients with chronic heart failure and Cheyne-Stokes
respiration.
Eur Heart J.
1998;
19
922-928
- 71
Hanly P J, Milar T W, Steljes D G. et al .
The effects of oxygen on respiration and sleep in patients
with congestive heart failure.
Ann Intern Med.
1989;
111
777-782
- 72
Andreas S, Weidel K, Hagenah G. et al .
Treatment of Cheyne-Stokes respiration with nasal oxygen and
carbon dioxide.
Eur Respir J.
1998;
12
414-419
- 73
Javaheri S.
Effects of continuous positive airway pressure on sleep apnea
and ventricular irritability in patients with heart failure.
Circulation.
2000;
101
392-397
- 74
Naughton M T, Benard D C, Liu P P. et al .
Effects of nasal CPAP on sympathetic activity in patients
with heart failure and central sleep apnea.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med.
1995;
152
473-479
- 75
Naughton M T, Liu P P, Benard D C. et al .
Treatment of congestive heart failure and cheyne-stokes
respiration during sleep by continuous positive airway pressure.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med.
1995;
151
92-97
- 76
Naughton M T, Rahman M A, Hara K. et al .
Effect of continuous positive airway pressure on
intrathoracic and left ventricular transmural pressures in patients with
congestive heart failure.
Circulation.
1995;
91
1725-1731
- 77
Teschler H, Döhring J, Wang Y M. et al .
Adaptive pressure support servo-ventilation.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med.
2001;
164
614-619
- 78
Töpfer V, El-Sebai M, Wessendorf T E. et al .
Adaptive Servoventilation bei chronischer Herzinsuffizienz:
Wirkung auf Cheyne-Stokes-Atmung und Lebensqualität.
Pneumologie.
2004;
58
28-32
- 79
Marcus C L.
Clinical and pathophysiological aspects of obstructive sleep
apnoea in children.
Pediatr Pulmonol.
1997;
16
123-124
- 80 Iber C, Ancoli-Israel S, Chesson A. et al .The AASM Manual for the Scoring of Sleep
and Associated
Events: Rules, Terminology and Technical Specification. Westchester IL: American
Academy of Sleep
Medicine 2007
- 81
Niewerth H J, Wiater A.
Polysomnographische Untersuchungen für Säuglinge
und Kinder – Anleitung für die Laborarbeit.
Somnologie.
2000;
4
43-52
- 82
Katz-Salamon M.
Delayed chemoreceptor responses in infants with apnoea.
Arch Dis Child.
2004;
89
261-266
- 83
Lopes J M, Muller N L, Bryan M H. et al .
Synergistic behavior of inspiratory muscles after
diaphragmatic fatigue in the newborn.
J Appl Physiol.
1981;
51
547-551
- 84
Niewerth H J, Wiater A, Scholle S. et al .
Wertigkeit periodischer Atmung im Säuglingsalter.
Somnologie.
1998;
2
140-147
- 85
Vielle B, Cauvet G.
Mathematical study of periodic breathing as an instability of
the respiratory system.
Math Biosci.
1993;
114
149-172
- 86
Scholle S, Poley M, Glaser S. et al .
Periodische Atmung im ersten Lebensjahr in Abhängigkeit
von den Schlafstadien.
Somnologie.
1998;
2
14-20
- 87
Wilkinson M H, Cranage S, Berger P J. et al .
Changes in the temporal structure of periodic breathing with
postnatal development in preterm infants.
Pediatr Res.
1995;
38
533-538
- 88
Scholle S.
Theophyllin in der Therapie schlafbezogener
Atmungsstörungen.
Z ärztl Qual Sich.
2001;
92
35-38
- 89
Philippi H, Bieber I, Reitter B.
Acetazolamide treatment for infantile central sleep
apnoea.
J Child Neurol.
2001;
16
600-603
- 90
Marcus C L.
Sleep-disordered breathing in children.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med.
2001;
164
16-30
- 91
Marcus C L, Omlin K J, Basinski D J. et al .
Normal polysomnographic values for children and
adolescents.
Am Rev Respir Dis.
1992;
146
1235-1239
- 92
McNamara F, Issa F G, Sullivan C E.
Arousal pattern following central and obstructive breathing
abnormalities in infants and children.
J Appl Physiol.
1996;
81
2651-2657
- 93
Li A M, Wing Y K, Cheung A. et al .
Is a 2-night polysomnographic study necessary in childhood
sleep-related disordered breathing?.
Chest.
2004;
126
1467-1472
- 94
Uliel S, Tauman R, Greenfeld M. et al .
Normal polysomnographic respiratory values in children and
adolescents.
Chest.
2004;
125
872-878
- 95
Moss D, Urschitz M S, Bodman A von. et al .
Reference values for nocturnal home polysomnography in
primary schoolchildren.
Pediatr Res.
2005;
58
958-965
- 96
Traeger N, Schultz B, Pollock A N. et al .
Polysomnographic values in children 2 – 9
years old: additional data and review of the literature.
Pediatr Pulmonol.
2005;
40
22-30
- 97
Montgomery-Downs H E, O'Brian L M, Gulliver T E. et al .
Polysomnographic characteristics in normal preschool and
early school-aged children.
Pediatrics.
2006;
117
741-753
1 Erstveröffentlichung in Somnologie 2008; 12:
109 – 204
Priv.-Doz. Dr. med.
Thorsten Schäfer, MME
Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Medizinische Fakultät
MA 0/48
44780 Bochum
eMail: thorsten.schaefer@rub.de