Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Die Adipositas und ihre Folgeerkrankungen nehmen in Deutschland, Europa und weltweit
zu. Damit wird die Adipositaschirurgie zur Behandlung von Patienten mit maligner Adipositas
immer bedeutender. Der Magenbypass ist eine der am häufigsten durchgeführten Operationen
gegen die Fettsucht. Diskussion: Der Magenbypass wird seit 1966 zur operativen Gewichtsreduktion bei adipösen Patienten
eingesetzt. In dieser Zeit wurden verschiedene Modifikationen entwickelt. So stellt
beispielsweise die laparoskopische Durchführung den aktuellen Standard dar. Nach der
Operation verlieren die Patienten große Anteile ihres Übergewichtes (EWL = Excess
Weight Loss), in der Regel zwischen 61 und 83 %. Auch die Begleiterkrankungen der
Adipositas bessern sich deutlich und werden in einem hohen Prozentsatz durch die Operation
sogar geheilt. Bemerkenswert ist, dass sich der Diabetes mellitus Typ II bereits kurz
nach der Operation, bevor der Gewichtsverlust einsetzt, verbessert. Das lässt vermuten,
dass die Operation mehr als „nur” einen Gewichtsverlust induziert. Schlussfolgerungen: Der Magenbypass ist eine seit Jahrzehnten bekannte Standardoperation gegen das Übergewicht,
die zusätzlich zur Gewichtsreduktion den Diabetes mellitus Typ II therapiert.
Abstract
Background: The prevalence of morbid obesity and its sequelae is increasing in Germany, Europe
and worldwide. Bariatric surgery is thus gaining in importance for the treatment of
patients with malignant obesity. Creation of a gastric bypass is one of the most frequently
performed procedures for obesity. Discussion: The gastric bypass has been used since 1966 as a surgical means of weight reduction
in obese patients. In the mean time various modifications have been developed. Thus,
for example, the laparoscopic procedure represents the current standard. After the
operation most patients experience an excess weight loss (EWL) of between 61 and 83 %.
The comorbidities of obesity are also markedly improved and in a high percentage even
cured after the operation. It is worthy of note that diabetes mellitus type II improves
shortly after the operation even before any weight loss has occurred. The suggests
that the operation induces more than “just” a loss of weight. Conclusion: For decades the gastric bypass has been a well known standard operation of overweight
and, in addition to the reduction in weight, is also a therapy for diabetes mellitus
type II.
Schlüsselwörter
Adipositas - Magenbypass - Excess Weight Loss (EWL) - Diabetes mellitus Typ II
Key words
obesity - gastric bypass - excess weight loss (EWL) - diabetes mellitus type II
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Dr. med. P. Busch
Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf
Martinistraße 52
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Phone: +49 / 40 / 7 41 00
Email: pbusch@uke.uni-hamburg.de