Ernährungsempfehlungen – Übergewicht und Herzerkrankungen – wie sollte die Ernährung aussehen?

Die optimale Ernährung zur Minderung des kardiovaskulären Risikos ist noch nicht durch eine ausreichende interventionelle Studienlage zu definieren. Aus epidemiologischen Studien, prospektiven Kohortenstudien und metabolischen Interventionsstudien lassen sich aber eindeutige Hinweise für Ernährungsempfehlungen ableiten. Eine Ernährungsumstellung zur Verminderung des Gesamtrisikos zielt auf eine langfristige Verbesserung der alltäglichen Ernährungsgewohnheiten in Richtung auf eine kalorienangepasste mediterrane Kost. Dies gilt für Gesunde und für Patienten mit Gefäßatherosklerose.

Randomisierte Interventionsstudien sind jedoch notwendig, um insbesondere für Patienten mit CV–Erkrankungen in der Sekundärprävention bei unterschiedlichen Stoffwechselsituationen differenzierte Ernährungsempfehlungen zu erarbeiten.

The best possible nutritional plan to reduce cardiovascular risk has not yet been defined by interventional studies. However, clear indications for nutritional recommendations can be obtained from epidemiological studies, prospective cohort studies and metabolic intervention studies. A suitably modified nutritional plan to reduce the overall risk aims at a long–term improvement of daily eating habits directed at low–calory Mediterranean–type food. This applies to healthy persons and patients suffering from vascular atherosclerosis. However, randomised interventional studies are mandatory to arrive at differentiated nutritional recommendations for patients suffering from cardiovascular diseases as secondary preventive measures for a variety of metabolic situations.

Key words

mediterranean type food - abdominal adipositas - inflammatory markers - polyunsaturated fat - glycemic index

Literatur

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