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DOI: 10.1055/a-2739-3771
Diagnostik der Amyloidose im Rahmen der Früherkennung bei hand- und plastisch-chirurgischen Patienten – welches Gewebe sollte wie untersucht werden?
Diagnosis of Amyloidosis in Hand and Plastic Surgery Patients: Optimal Tissue Selection and Examination Methods for Early DetectionAutoren
Zusammenfassung
Amyloidosen sind eine heterogene Krankheitsgruppe, die sich durch die fibrilläre Ablagerung von Peptiden und Proteinen in einer β-Faltblattstruktur manifestieren. In Deutschland zählen die AL- und ATTR-Amyloidose zu den am häufigsten auftretenden systemischen Formen. Die ATTR-Amyloidose kennzeichnet der Befall des ligamentären und tenosynovialen Gewebes bevor es zu einer Herzbeteiligung kommt, die wiederum lebensbegrenzed sein kann. Dies führt zu einer signifikant erhöhten klinischen Relevanz der Diagnostik von ATTR-Amyloid in Resektaten von hand- und plastisch-chirurgischen Eingriffen. Zu den Erkrankungen, die in diesem Kontext als relevant erachtet werden, zählen das Karpaltunnelsyndrom, der schnellende Finger, die spontane Bizepssehnenruptur sowie die Spinalkanalstenose. Die Prävalenz des ATTR-Amyloids nimmt mit dem Alter zu und erreicht in der neunten Lebensdekade nahezu 50%. Die während des operativen Eingriffs gewonnenen Gewebeproben sollten in Formalin fixiert werden. Der Nachweis von Amyloid wird in der Regel durch die Kongorot-Färbung und unter Einsatz der Polarisationsmikroskopie erbracht. Die Sensitivität des Nachweises hängt von der Menge des gewonnenen Gewebes sowie dem jeweiligen Krankheitsstadium ab. Dabei ist zu berücksichtigen, dass jede Gewebeart und -probe das Risiko eines Stichprobenfehlers aufweist. Nach dem Nachweis von Amyloid ist eine Klassifizierung des Amyloids erforderlich, da Amyloidosen behandelbar geworden sind und die Therapie in Abhängigkeit vom Amyloidose-Typ erfolgt.
Abstract
Amyloidoses are a heterogeneous group of diseases characterised by the fibrillar deposition of peptides and proteins in a β-sheet configuration. In Germany, AL and ATTR amyloidosis are among the most common systemic forms. ATTR amyloidosis is characterised by the involvement of ligamentous and tenosynovial tissue prior to cardiac involvement, which, in turn, can be be life-limiting. This highlights the growing clinical relevance of diagnosing ATTR amyloid in resection specimens from hand and plastic surgery procedures. Diseases considered relevant in this context include carpal tunnel syndrome, trigger finger, spontaneous biceps tendon rupture, and spinal canal stenosis. The prevalence of ATTR amyloid increases with age, reaching nearly 50% in the ninth decade of life. Tissue samples obtained during surgery should be fixed in formalin. Amyloid can be detected using Congo red staining and polarisation microscopy. The sensitivity of detection depends on both the amount of tissue obtained and the stage of the disease. It should be noted that all tissue and sample types carry a risk of sampling error. Once amyloid has been detected, it must be classified, as amyloidoses are now treatable and treatment depends on the specific type of amyloidosis.
Publikationsverlauf
Eingereicht: 18. August 2025
Angenommen: 12. Oktober 2025
Artikel online veröffentlicht:
27. November 2025
© 2025. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Oswald-Hesse-Straße 50, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany
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