The Effects of Different Warm-Up Exercises on Throwing Velocity in Handball Players

Abstract

We investigated the effects of plyometric and isometric warm-up exercises on handball throwing velocity and verified the relationships between strength measures and throwing velocity. Sixteen U-22 elite male handball players (age: 19.8±0.9 y and handball training experience: 10.5±1.0 y) of the Spanish University Championship-winning team participated in this study. Players were assessed for maximum isometric shoulder internal rotation strength (kg), and the loads (kg) associated with 1 m/s in half squat and bench press exercises. Subsequently, they performed a standardized warm-up plus isometric vs. plyometric vs. control exercises in a randomized order followed by the evaluation of ball throwing velocity. There were no significant differences in throwing velocity following any condition. Moderate significant correlations were observed between throwing velocity and the load associated with 1 m/s in the half squat under all conditions (r=0.56–0.61 and p<0.05) and in the bench press after plyometric (r=0.50 and p=0.047). The control condition which included submaximal running resulted in similar throwing velocity to the experimental conditions including strength exercises. The identified associations between the loads associated with 1 m/s in the half squat and bench press exercises highlighted the important role of muscle power in handball players’ throwing ability.

Keywords

Muscle strength - muscle power - handball - arm throwing - post-activation performance enhancement - warm-up

Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht: 27. März 2025

Angenommen nach Revision: 28. Oktober 2025

Accepted Manuscript online:
28. Oktober 2025

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
24. November 2025

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