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DOI: 10.1055/a-2714-2212
Neue WHO-Klassifikation der Nierenzelltumore – Implikationen für eine individuelle Therapieentscheidung und die adäquate Erkennung von erblichen Nierenzellkarzinomen
The WHO Classification of Renal Cell Tumours: Implications for Personalised Treatment Decisions and Accurate Detection of Hereditary Renal Cell CarcinomasAuthors
Zusammenfassung
Nierenzellkarzinome gehören zu den häufigsten malignen Tumoren des Urogenitaltrakts.
Aktuell umfasst die WHO-Klassifikation der Nierentumoren über 20 Subtypen, zum Teil
mit einem
spezifischen molekular-genetischen Hintergrund. Die neue WHO-Klassifikation unterteilt
die
Tumore in morphologisch und molekular definierte Tumoren. Neben den klassischen Subtypen
wie
klarzelligen, papillären und chromophoben Nierenzellkarzinomen, wurden neue Entitäten
definiert, wie zum Beispiel das eosinophile solid und zystische Nierenzellkarzinom.
In die
Kategorie der molekular definierten Nierentumoren gehören die Nierenzellkarzinome
mit
TFE3-Rearrangement, die TFEB-alterierten Nierenzellkarzinome, ELOC-mutierte
Nierenzellkarzinome, Fumarat-Hydratase-defiziente Nierenzellkarzinome,
Succinatdehydrogenase-defiziente Nierenzellkarzinome, Nierenzellkarzinome mit
ALK-Rearrangement und SMARCB1-defiziente medulläre Nierenzellkarzinome. Dank neuen
Erkenntnissen bezüglich der langen Überlebenszeit und fehlender Fernmetastasierung
werden
mehrere Subtypen nicht mehr als Karzinom, sondern als Nierentumor, wie zum Beispiel
der
multilokulär-zystische Nierentumor oder der klarzellig-papilläre Nierentumor, klassifiziert.
In der WHO-Klassifikation wurde die Wichtigkeit der genetisch bedingten Nierentumoren
unterstrichen, denen sich ein separates Kapitel widmet. Aktuell werden molekulare
Analysen für
die Therapieentscheidung in fortgeschrittenen Fällen nach molekularen Tumorboardbesprechungen
eingesetzt. Deshalb gewinnt die Klassifikation der Subtypen und damit verbunden die
spezifischen molekularen Alterationen und Signalwege für die zielgerichtete Systemtherapie,
aber auch für die Identifizierung von Patienten mit einem hereditären Tumorsyndrom
immer mehr
an Bedeutung.
Die Aufgaben der Pathologen ist es, die neuen Tumorentitäten und die
genetisch vererbten Tumorformen zu identifizieren, um die bestmögliche klinische Betreuung
der
Patienten zu gewährleisten.
Abstract
Renal cell carcinomas are among the most common malignant tumours of the urogenital
tract.
The current WHO classification of renal tumours comprises over 20 distinct subtypes,
some of
which have a specific molecular genetic background. The new WHO classification divides
tumours
into morphologically and molecularly defined tumours. In addition to the established
subtypes
– clear cell, papillary, and chromophobe renal cell carcinomas – new entities have
been
defined, such as eosinophilic solid and cystic renal cell carcinoma. The category
of
molecularly defined renal tumours includes renal cell carcinomas with TFE3 rearrangement,
TFEB-altered renal cell carcinomas, ELOC-mutated renal cell carcinomas, fumarate
hydratase-deficient renal cell carcinomas, succinate dehydrogenase-deficient renal
cell
carcinomas, renal cell carcinomas with ALK rearrangement, and SMARCB1-deficient medullary
renal cell carcinomas. Based on recent findings of prolonged survival times and the
absence of
distant metastasis, several subtypes are no longer classified as carcinoma but as
renal
tumours, such as multilocular cystic renal tumours or clear cell papillary renal tumours.
The
WHO classification emphasizes the importance of genetically defined renal tumours,
which are
addressed in a dedicated chapter. Currently, molecular analyses guide treatment decisions
in
advanced cases following discussions in molecular tumour boards. Therefore, the classification
of subtypes, together with their specific molecular alterations and signalling pathways,
is
gaining importance not only for targeted systemic therapy but also for the identification
of
patients with a hereditary tumour syndrome.
The task of pathologists is to identify new
tumour entities and genetically inherited tumour forms in order to ensure the best
possible
clinical care for patients.
Publication History
Received: 01 September 2025
Accepted: 25 September 2025
Article published online:
04 December 2025
© 2025. Thieme. All rights reserved.
Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Oswald-Hesse-Straße 50, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany
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