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Hamostaseologie
DOI: 10.1055/a-2687-9339
Original Article

The Timed Up and Go Test in Patients with Haemophilia: Assessing Reliability, Validity, and Predictive Variables

Authors

  • F. Tomschi

    1   Department of Sports Medicine, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany

  • M. Brühl

    1   Department of Sports Medicine, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
    2   Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany

  • A. Schmidt

    1   Department of Sports Medicine, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany

  • J. Wiese

    1   Department of Sports Medicine, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany

  • A. Lorenz

    1   Department of Sports Medicine, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany

  • T. Hilberg

    1   Department of Sports Medicine, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany

Funding This study has received no specific grants from commercial, public, or non-profit entities and is totally self-funded.
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Abstract

Background

The Timed Up and Go (TUG) test is frequently used to assess patients' functional mobility. However, its psychometric characteristics in patients with haemophilia (PwH) are unknown. This study's primary aim was to determine the validity, reliability, standard error of measurement (SEM), and minimal detectable change (MDC) of the TUG in PwH. The secondary aim was to determine predictors for the TUG time.

Methods

A total of 40 PwH were included. Test-retest reliability was assessed by the same rater at two time points and inter-rater reliability was assessed by two raters. Construct validity was tested via correlation analyses between the TUG and the haemophilia joint health score (HJHS), the short physical performance battery (SPPB), the HEP-Test-questionnaire, and the Haemophilia Activity List (HAL). SEM and MDC were calculated. Multiple linear regression analyses with several patient-specific predictors were performed.

Results

Test-retest and inter-rater reliability analyses revealed excellent ICCs of 0.990 (95% CI: 0.972–0.995) and 0.929 (95% CI: 0.870–0.962), respectively. The SEM and MDC of the TUG were 0.34 and 1.52 seconds, respectively. Large correlations (r > 0.5) were observed between the TUG and the HJHS, SPPB, HEP-Test-Q, and HAL. Regression analysis revealed the HJHS as the sole significant predictor, with the full model explaining 37.0% of the variance in TUG performance.

Conclusion

In PwH, the TUG is a reliable test possessing an excellent test-retest and inter-rater reliability, while showing a high validity. TUG times can mainly be predicted by HJHS. The TUG can therefore be considered a suitable tool to evaluate mobility in adult PwH.

Keywords

rare disease - functional mobility - motor performance - physical testing

Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate

The study was approved by the ethics committee of the University of Wuppertal (SK/AE 240326). All patients provided written informed consent.


Consent to Participate

All patients provided written informed consent to participate in this study.


Availability of Data and Materials

The datasets of the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.


Authors' Contributions

F.T.: had the idea of this study, designed the study, wrote the first draft of the manuscript, conducted statistical analysis, performed measurements; M.B.: conducted measurements; M.B., A.S., A.L., J.W., and T.H.: revised the manuscript and provided expertise; T.H.: supervised the study.


Supplementary Material



Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht: 16. Mai 2025

Angenommen: 21. August 2025

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
13. Oktober 2025

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