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CC BY 4.0 · Sustainability & Circularity NOW 2025; 02: a26814357
DOI: 10.1055/a-2681-4357
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Sustainable Routes and Mechanistic Study in Pyrazole Synthesis Using Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs)

Authors

  • Ashish Kumar Aheer

    1   Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India

  • Kanaram Choupra

    1   Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India

  • Meenakshi Jain‡

    1   Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India

  • Amit Sharma  ‡

    1   Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India

Supported by: University Grants Commission No. F.30-572/2021-BSR ,UGC-JRF-NTA ref. No. 201610109702
Funding Information Financial support was provided by the University Grants Commission, New Delhi (No. F.30-572/2021-BSR and UGC-JRF-NTA ref. No. 201610109702).
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Abstract

Increasing demand for green and sustainable chemical processes has led to new investigations in organic synthesis. One of the significant groups of heterocyclic compounds, pyrazoles, finds widespread use in materials science, agrochemicals, and medicines. Pyrazoles have been synthesized using various volatile organic solvents by conventional methods. Due to their enormous importance, sustainable synthetic methods using various green solvents have been developed by researchers. This work focuses on the recent developments in green chemistry, particularly, for the production of pyrazole derivatives using deep eutectic solvents (DESs). DESs are biodegradable, low toxic, and have the ability to dissolve a wide range of organic and inorganic compounds. These properties can offer a more environmentally friendly option than the negative effects of traditional synthetic methods. The benefits of DES in pyrazole synthesis include accelerated reaction rates, high selectivity, and minimum solvent reaction conditions in DES. Moreover, we have summarized various mechanistic insights, optimization of the reaction, and practical applications of DES in pyrazole chemistry. This review article is designed to give a systematic overview of DES-mediated pyrazoles’ synthetic techniques with insightful information.

Keywords

Deep eutectic solvents - Sustainable processes - Pyrazoles - Green synthesis - Bio-vital heterocycles - N-Heterocycles


Publication History

Received: 18 June 2025

Accepted after revision: 11 August 2025

Accepted Manuscript online:
11 August 2025

Article published online:
02 September 2025

© 2025. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Oswald-Hesse-Straße 50, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

Bibliographical Record
Ashish Kumar Aheer, Kanaram Choupra, Meenakshi Jain, Amit Sharma. Sustainable Routes and Mechanistic Study in Pyrazole Synthesis Using Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs). Sustainability & Circularity NOW 2025; 02: a26814357.
DOI: 10.1055/a-2681-4357
 

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