Abstract
Thrombocytopenia following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a common
complication that is associated with a remarkable increase in morbidity and mortality.
Post-HSCT thrombocytopenia is a multifactorial condition with several mechanisms,
including reduced platelet production in bone marrow, immune-mediated platelet destruction,
and consumptive thrombocytopenia. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), medications, infections,
and autoimmune mechanisms are potential risk factors for post-HSCT thrombocytopenia.
Management of post-HSCT thrombocytopenia primarily focuses on supportive care through
platelet transfusions. Moreover, immunosuppressive agents are used to target immune-mediated
mechanisms. Thrombopoietin receptor agonists and complement inhibitors are novel treatment
options with promising results and fewer side effects. However, further research is
essential to establish treatment protocols and improve patient care. In this review,
we provide a better understanding of the pathophysiology and risk factors associated
with post-HSCT thrombocytopenia for early detection and intervention, ultimately aiming
to reduce complications.
Keywords hematopoietic stem cell transplantation - thrombocytopenia - thrombopoietin receptor
agonists
