Abstract
Coronary artery aneurysm (CAA) is a focal enlargement of the coronary artery exceeding
1.5 times the diameter of the adjacent normal segment of the vessel. The reported
prevalence of CAA varies widely from 0.2 to 10%, with male predominance and a predilection
for the right coronary artery. Atherosclerosis is the main cause in adults and Kawasaki
disease in children. While often asymptomatic, CAA may present with angina, myocardial
infarction, or possible fatal complications such as rupture, compression of adjacent
cardiopulmonary structures, thrombus formation, and distal embolization. CAA is usually
an incidental finding during coronary angiography; however, advancements in cardiac
imaging have enhanced the detection and characterization of CAA. Coronary computed
tomography angiography and magnetic resonance angiography offer alternatives to traditional
approaches with high-resolution images that can help with risk stratification and
management planning. Management varies based on the size, location, complications,
and presence of symptoms. It includes medical therapy, percutaneous intervention,
and surgical approach. In this paper, we aim to provide a comprehensive review of
current knowledge of CAA and recent advances in its diagnosis and management.
Keywords
coronary artery aneurysm - coronary artery ectasia - giant coronary artery aneurysm
- Kawasaki disease - coronary artery dilatation - coronary artery thrombosis
