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DOI: 10.1055/a-2620-4784
Konotrunkale Anomalien des Feten
Article in several languages: English | deutsch
Zusammenfassung
Etwa 0,8 % aller Kinder werden mit Herzfehlern geboren, wobei die Inzidenz pränatal
naturgemäß noch höher ist. Unter allen angeborenen Herzfehlern (congenital heart defects,
CHD) sind nach den Ventrikel- und Vorhofseptum-Defekten konotrunkale Anomalien die
häufigsten kritischen Herzfehler. Unter konotrunkalen Anomalien versteht man Anomalien
des Infundibulums (Conus arteriosus) und der großen Gefäße (Truncus arteriosus). Diese
Anomalien betreffen überwiegend den rechtsventrikulären Ausflusstrakt und machen etwa
25–30 % aller CHD aus. Aufgrund der Inzidenz und der klinischen Relevanz werden in
diesem Artikel perimembranöse Ventrikelseptum-Defekte (VSD) beschrieben sowie die
Fallot’sche Tetralogie (TOF), die Pulmonal-Atresie mit VSD (PAVSD), die Transposition
der großen Arterien (TGA) sowie die selteneren Herzfehler DORV (Double Outlet Right
Ventricle) und TAC (Truncus Arteriosus Communis).
Konotrunkale Anomalien gehen üblicherweise mit einem unauffälligen 4-Kammer-Blick
einher, weshalb die pränatale Detektionsrate im Rahmen der Schwangerschaftsvorsorge
eher niedrig ist. Da unerkannte konotrunkale Anomalien aber eine hohe postnatale Mortalität
und Morbidität aufweisen, sollte das fetale Herz immer entsprechend der international
empfohlenen, systematischen und segmentalen Untersuchung in verschiedenen Schnittebenen
beurteilt werden, inklusive der Ausflusstrakte und in Kombination mit dem Farbdoppler,
um eine höhere Detektionsrate zu erzielen. Dieser Artikel gibt anhand umfangreichen
Bildmaterials einen Überblick über die pränatale sonografische Diagnostik konotrunkaler
Anomalien.
Schlüsselwörter
Angeborene Herzfehler - Anomalien der Ausflusstrakte - Ventrikelseptum-Defekt - Fetus - pränatalPublication History
Received: 19 March 2025
Accepted after revision: 21 May 2025
Article published online:
08 September 2025
© 2025. Thieme. All rights reserved.
Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Oswald-Hesse-Straße 50, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany
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