Klinische, multimodale Sonografie der Nieren und ableitenden Harnwege – Update 2025

Zusammenfassung

Die moderne Ultraschalldiagnostik hat einen festen Stellenwert als erste und ubiquitär verfügbare Bildgebung in der Urologie. Das Zeitalter der Taschenultraschallgeräte ermöglicht den Einsatz hochmobil am Patientenbett bei jeglichen urologischen Fragestellungen. Daneben schafft der technische Fortschritt bei Ultraschall-Mittelklasse- und -High-End-Geräten zum einen Verbesserungen der bestehenden B-Bild-Sonografie, insbesondere bei hochauflösenden Ultraschallsonden mit größerer Eindringtiefe, zum anderen lassen sich deutliche Verbesserungen der Dopplersonografie zur Gefäßdarstellung feststellen. Mit der kontrastverstärkten Sonografie lässt sich die Mikroperfusion von Geweben bettseitig in der Urologie untersuchen, was neben Perfusionsfragestellungen bei Notfällen gerade für die Differenzialdiagnose von Nierenläsionen hilfreich ist und wichtige diagnostische Beiträge zu uroonkologischen Bildkonferenzen liefert. Standardisierte Untersuchungsprotokolle, elektronische Bilddokumentation und die Schulung des ärztlichen Personals ermöglichen einen effizienten, zuverlässigen und reproduzierbaren Einsatz der Ultraschalldiagnostik.

Abstract

Modern ultrasound diagnostics holds a firm position as the first and ubiquitously available imaging modality in urology. The era of pocket ultrasound devices enables their highly mobile use at the bedside for any urological issue. In addition, technical advances in mid-range and high-end ultrasound devices are leading to improvements in existing B-mode sonography, particularly with high-resolution ultrasound probes with greater penetration depth, and give significant improvements in Doppler sonography for vascular imaging. Contrast-enhanced sonography allows the bedside examination of tissue microperfusion. This is helpful not only for perfusion issues in emergencies, but also for the differential diagnosis of renal lesions, and provides important diagnostic input to uro-oncological image conferences. Standardised examination protocols, electronic image documentation, and training of medical staff enable the efficient, reliable, and reproducible use of ultrasound diagnostics.

Schlüsselwörter

B-Bild-Ultraschall - Doppler Ultraschall - Kontrastverstärkter Ultraschall - Nierenraumforderung - Nierensteine

Keywords

ultrasonography - Doppler - contrast-enhanced ultrasound - kidney neoplasm - nephrolithiasis

Publication History

Received: 01 April 2025

Accepted: 02 April 2025

Article published online:
13 May 2025

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