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DOI: 10.1055/a-2560-1100
Experiencing digital technologies: The importance of feeling safe in healthcare – A qualitative participatory design
Erfahrungen mit digitalen Technologien: Die Bedeutung des Sicherheitsgefühls im Gesundheitswesen – Ein qualitatives partizipatives Design
Abstract
Background
Digital technologies are increasingly used in healthcare. In this context, perceived safety plays a critical role in their acceptance and implementation. Previous research had focused more on data security or specific digital technologies. There has also been a lack of participatory approaches to consider and empower healthcare recipients (and relatives), providers, and technology experts to broaden the phenomenon.
Objective
The aim of this study was to present a comprehensive perspective on the needs, influencing factors and related outcomes in the context of feeling safe with digital technologies in healthcare.
Method
A qualitative, exploratory, and participatory methodology was used with five guide-based focus group workshops. Each workshop explored one of five digital technology demonstrations provided at the beginning: (1) electronic health records (EHR), (2) robotics, (3) artificial intelligence (AI), (4) smart home, and (5) smart hospital. All participants were invited for a guide-based discussion. The study focused on the levels of ‘involvement’ and ‘collaboration’ by also empowering participation. The workshop target groups were actively involved in the development and execution of the workshops and were empowered. The data were analysed via a content analysis approach, with a mostly inductive procedure.
Results
Feeling safe was found to affect thoughts, emotions, and actions. For example, a higher level of perceived safety increased the acceptance of digital technologies, whereas a lower level of perceived safety decreased it. The corresponding needs and influencing factors differed in terms of their scope and focus depending on the context. The aspect of ‘control’ was most frequently addressed by all the target groups and was viewed as relevant in all the workshops. In general, digital technologies were viewed as supplements rather than substitutes for healthcare providers.
Conclusion
This study extends beyond the current state of research on perceived safety and the use of digital technologies in healthcare by providing a comprehensive overview of the corresponding needs and influencing factors at various levels, such as the individual, community-organizational, and system-society levels. The perceived safety of healthcare recipients and providers related to digital technologies should be taken into consideration to achieve positive implementation outcomes.
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Digitale Technologien werden im Gesundheitswesen immer häufiger eingesetzt. Hierbei spielt die wahrgenommene Sicherheit eine entscheidende Rolle für deren Implementierung. Bisherige Forschung konzentrierte sich eher auf die Datensicherheit oder auf spezifische digitale Technologien. Es fehlte ein partizipativer Ansatz, der es Leistungsempfangenden (deren Angehörigen), Leistungserbringenden und Technologieexpert:innen ermöglichte, die Sicht auf das Phänomen zu erweitern.
Ziel
Ziel war es daher erfahrungsbasiert Bedürfnisse, Einflussfaktoren und damit verbundenen Outcomes im Kontext des Sicherheitsgefühls digitaler Technologien im Gesundheitswesen zu erforschen.
Methode
Es wurde ein qualitatives, exploratives und partizipatives Design, basierend auf fünf leitfadengestützten Fokus-Gruppenworkshops durchgeführt. Eine von fünf digitalen Technologien ((1) elektronische Gesundheitsakten (EHR), (2) Robotik, (3) künstliche Intelligenz (AI), (4) Smart Home und (5) Smart Hospital), wurde zu Beginn oder während des Workshops vorgestellt und/oder konnte ausprobiert werden. Alle Teilnehmenden wurden zu einer leitfadengestützten Diskussion eingeladen. Die Partizipation wurde auf den Ebenen der „Beteiligung“ und „Zusammenarbeit“ gefördert, indem aktiv in die Entwicklung und Durchführung der Workshops einbezogen sowie zur Teilnahme befähigt wurde. Die Daten wurden mit Hilfe induktiver Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse
Das Gefühl der Sicherheit beeinflusst Gedanken, Gefühle und Handlungen. Beispielsweise kann ein höheres Maß an gefühlter Sicherheit die Akzeptanz digitaler Technologien erhöhen, während ein niedrigeres Maß diese verringern kann. Entsprechende Bedürfnisse und Einflussfaktoren unterschieden sich je nach Kontext in ihrem Umfang und Schwerpunkt. Der Aspekt der „Kontrolle“ wurde von allen Zielgruppen am häufigsten angesprochen und in allen Workshops als relevant angesehen. Digitale Technologien wurden eher als Ergänzung, denn als ein Ersatz für Leistungserbringende betrachtet.
Schlussfolgerung
Diese Studie geht über den aktuellen Stand der Forschung im Kontext wahrgenommener Sicherheit und digitaler Technologien im Gesundheitswesen hinaus, indem sie einen umfassenden Überblick über die Bedürfnisse und Einflussfaktoren von der individuellen bis hin zur System-/Gesellschaftsebene gibt. Die gefühlte Sicherheit sollte grundsätzlich berücksichtigt werden, um die Implementierung digitaler Technologien zu fördern.
Keywords
emotional safety - psychological safety - digital technologies - participatory research - digitalizationSchlüsselwörter
Emotionale Sicherheit - Psychologische Sicherheit - Digitale Technologien - Partizipative Forschung - DigitalisierungPublikationsverlauf
Eingereicht: 22. Juli 2024
Angenommen nach Revision: 07. März 2025
Artikel online veröffentlicht:
07. Mai 2025
© 2025. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial-License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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