Das pathologische Horten: verstehen und behandeln

Fast jeder Mensch besitzt Dinge, bei denen ein Wegwerfen schwerfallen würde – sei es das Lieblingsbild, ein Erinnerungsstück aus der Kindheit oder ein über die Jahre wertgeschätzter Gebrauchsgegenstand. Bei Betroffenen des pathologischen Hortens nimmt die Ansammlung ein pathologisches Ausmaß an. In diesem Beitrag werden das Störungsbild, aufrechterhaltende Faktoren und ein Therapieansatz vorgestellt.

Abstract

Almost everyone owns things that would be difficult to throw away – for instance a favorite picture, a keepsake from childhood or an item of daily use that has been valued over the years. In individuals suffering from pathological hoarding, the gathering of items reaches a pathological extent. This article presents typical symptoms of this mental disorder, maintaining factors and a psychotherapeutic treatment.

Schlüsselwörter

pathologisches Horten - Sammelzwang - emotionale Bindung an Besitztümer - Informationsverarbeitungsdefizite - Expositionen

Keywords

Pathological hoarding - emotional attachment to possessions - information processing deficits - cognitive behavior therapy - hoarding disorder

• Literatur

• 1 Tolin DF, Frost RO, Steketee G. et al. The economic and social burden of compulsive hoarding. Psychiat Res 2008; 160: 200-211
• 2 Drury H, Ajmi S, Fernandez de la Cruz L. et al. Caregiver burden, family accommodation, health, and well-being in relatives of individuals with hoarding disorder. J Affect Disord 2014; 159: 7-14
• 3 Steketee G, Frost O. Treatment for hoarding disorder. Therapist guide. 2. New York: Oxford University Press; 2014
• 4 Tolin DF, Frost RO, Steketee G. A brief interview for assessing compulsive hoarding: The Hoarding Rating Scale-Interview. Psychiat Res 2010; 178: 147-152
• 5 Mueller A, Crosby RD, Frost RO. et al. German compulsive hoarding inventory (FZH) – Evaluation of the German version of the saving inventory-revised. Verhaltenstherapie 2009; 19: 243-250
• 6 Frost RO, Steketee G, Tolin DF. et al. Development and validation of the clutter image rating. J Psychopathol Behav Assess 2008; 30: 193-203
• 7 Steketee G, Frost RO, Kyrios M. Cognitive aspects of compulsive hoarding. Cogn Ther Res 2003; 27: 463-479
• 8 Mueller A, Mitchell JE, Crosby RD. et al. The prevalence of compulsive hoarding and its association with compulsive buying in a German population-based sample. Behav Res Ther 2009; 47: 705-709
• 9 Frost RO, Hartl TL. A cognitive-behavioral model of compulsive hoarding. Behav Res Ther 1996; 34: 341-350
• 10 David J, Crone C, Norberg MM. A critical review of cognitive behavioural therapy for hoarding disorder: How can we improve outcomes?. Clin Psychol Psychother 2022; 29: 469-488
• 11 Mackin RS, Vigil O, Insel P. et al. Patterns of clinically significant cognitive impairment in hoarding disorder. Depression and Anxiety 2016; 33: 211-218
• 12 Wheaton MG, Abramowitz JS, Franklin JC. et al. Experiential Avoidance and Saving Cognitions in the Prediction of Hoarding Symptoms. Cognitive Ther Res 2011; 35: 511-516
• 13 Kyrios M, Mogan C, Moulding R. et al. The cognitive-behavioural model of hoarding disorder: Evidence from clinical and non-clinical cohorts. Clin Psychol Psychother 2018; 25: 311-321
• 14 Kings C, Moulding R, Knight T. You are what you own: Reviewing the link between possessions, emotional attachment, and the self-concept in hoarding disorder. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders 2017; 14: 51-58
• 15 Kwok C, Grisham JR, Norberg MM. Object attachment: Humanness increases sentimental and instrumental values. J Behav Addict 2018; 7: 1132-1142
• 16 Barton ALJ, Johns L, Salkovskis P. Are self-reported difficulties in emotional regulation associated with hoarding?. A systematic review Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders 2021; 30
• 17 Külz AK, Voderholzer U. Pathologisches Horten. Göttingen: Hogrefe; 2018
• 18 Williams M, Viscusi JA. Hoarding disorder and a systematic review of treatment with cognitive behavioral therapy. Cognit Behav Ther 2016; 45: 93-110
• 19 Tolin DF, Frost RO, Steketee G. et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy for hoarding disorder: A meta-analysis. Depression and Anxiety 2015; 32: 158-166
• 20 Piacentino D, Pasquini M, Cappelletti S. et al. Pharmacotherapy for hoarding disorder: How did the picture change since its excision from OCD?. Curr Neuropharmacol 2019; 17: 808-815
• 21 Brakoulias V, Eslick GD, Starcevic V. A meta-analysis of the response of pathological hoarding to pharmacotherapy. Psychiat Res 2015; 229: 272-276