Inonotus obliquus (Chaga): Tradition und Evidenz in der
                Mykotherapie

Benjamin Kirchweger; Ulrike Grienke

doi:10.1055/a-2528-6571

Zeitschrift für Phytotherapie, Table of Contents

Zeitschrift für Phytotherapie 2025; 46(02): 76-81
DOI: 10.1055/a-2528-6571

Forschung

Inonotus obliquus (Chaga): Tradition und Evidenz in der Mykotherapie

Inonotus obliquus (Chaga): Tradition and evidence in mycotherapy

Benjamin Kirchweger

¹Pharmazeutische Biologie, Department für Pharmazie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Deutschland

,

Ulrike Grienke

²Abteilung für Pharmakognosie, Department für Pharmazeutische Wissenschaften, Universität Wien, Österreich

› Author Affiliations

Abstract

Zusammenfassung

Inonotus obliquus (Fr.) Pilát, auch als Chaga bekannt, fällt durch sein einzigartiges geschwürartiges Aussehen auf und wird v. a. in der nordischen Volksheilkunde als Mittel gegen Leber-, Magen- sowie Lungenerkrankungen eingesetzt. Der Pilz ist bekannt für eine Palette an Inhaltsstoffgruppen, die von polaren Polysacchariden bis hin zu apolaren Terpenen reicht. In Europa steigt seit einiger Zeit der Verkauf von Chaga-haltigen Nahrungsergänzungsmitteln mit proklamierten gesundheitlichen Vorteilen. Ziel dieses Artikels ist es, einen Überblick über die aktuelle Evidenzlage inklusive einer Bewertung, ob die traditionelle Verwendung durch wissenschaftlich fundierte Studien belegt werden kann, zu geben.

Abstract

Inonotus obliquus (Fr.) Pilát, the so-called chaga mushroom with its unique ulcer-like appearance is used primarily in Nordic folk medicine as a remedy for liver, stomach and lung diseases. The mushroom is known for a wide variety of compound classes ranging from polar polysaccharides to non-polar terpenoids. In Europe, sales of Chaga food supplements with potential health benefits have been booming for some time. The objective of this work is to provide an overview of the current evidence, including an assessment whether traditional use can be proven by scientifically based studies.

Schlüsselwörter

Inonotus obliquus - Schiefer Schillerporling - Chaga - Medizinalpilz - Befungin - Birke

Keywords

Inonotus obliquus - polypore - chaga - medicinal mushroom - Befungin - birch

Full Text

References

Literatur
1 Balandaykin ME, Zmitrovich IV. Review on chaga medicinal mushroom, Inonotus obliquus (higher basidiomycetes): Realm of medicinal applications and approaches on estimating its resource potential. Int J Med Mushrooms 2015; 17: 95-104
2 Lee MW, Hur H, Chang KC, Lee TS, Ka KH, Jankovsky L. Introduction to distribution and ecology of sterile conks of Inonotus obliquus . Mycobiology 2008; 36: 199-202
3 Blinova K, Yakovlev G. Botanical Pharmacognostic Dictionary. 1990
4 Shashkina MY, Shashkin PN, Sergeev AV. Chemical and medicobiological properties of chaga. Pharm Chem J 2006; 40: 560-568
5 Yun JS, Pahk JW, Lee JS. et al. Inonotus obliquus protects against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and premature senescence. Mol Cells 2011; 31: 423-429
6 Glamočlija J, Ćirić A, Nikolić M. et al. Chemical characterization and biological activity of Chaga (Inonotus obliquus), a medicinal mushroom. J Ethnopharmacol 2015; 162: 323-332
7 Lee S, Lee HY, Park Y. et al. Development of end stage renal disease after long-term ingestion of chaga mushroom: Case report and review of literature. J Korean Med Sci 2020; 35: e122
8 Kellner A. Isolierung und Charakterisierung von Triterpenen aus Chaga (Inonotus obliquus) [Masterarbeit]. Universität Wien; 2023;
9 Drenkhan R, Kaldmäe H, Silm M. et al. Comparative analyses of bioactive compounds in Inonotus obliquus conks growing on Alnus and Betula . Biomolecules 2022; 12: 1178
10 Liu C, Zhao C, Pan H-H. et al. Chemical constituents from Inonotus obliquus and their biological activities. J Nat Prod 2014; 77: 35-41
11 Zhao F, Xia G, Chen L. et al. Chemical constituents from Inonotus obliquus and their antitumor activities. J Nat Med 2016; 70: 721-730
12 Duan Y, Han H, Qi J. et al. Genome sequencing of Inonotus obliquus reveals insights into candidate genes involved in secondary metabolite biosynthesis. BMC Genomics 2022; 23: 314
13 Sun Y, Yin T, Chen X-H. et al. In vitro antitumor activity and structure characterization of ethanol extracts from wild and cultivated Chaga medicinal mushroom, Inonotus obliquus (Pers.: Fr.) Pilát (Aphyllophoromycetideae). Int J Med Mushrooms 2011; 13: 121-130
14 Staatliches Arzneibuch der Russischen Föderation. XIV. Ausgabe, Band IV. 2023
15 Saar M. Fungi in Khanty folk medicine. J Ethnopharmacol 1991; 31: 175-179
16 Shikov AN, Pozharitskaya ON, Makarov VG. et al. Medicinal plants of the Russian Pharmacopoeia; their history and applications. J Ethnopharmacol 2014; 154: 481-536
17 Khannanov TS, Anisimov AN, Gatin IZ, inventors; Otkrytoe Aktsionernoe Obshchestvo "Tatkhimfarpreparaty", assignee. Method for producing Befungin from Chaga mushroom. Patent RU2548767. 2015
18 Fedotov AA, Rodsolaĭnen Iu I. Effect of befungin on the central nervous system in peptic ulcer. Klin Med 1981; 59: 22-25
19 Fordjour E, Manful CF, Javed R. et al. Chaga mushroom: a super-fungus with countless facets and untapped potential. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14: 1273786
20 Lindequist U, Niedermeyer TH, Julich WD. The pharmacological potential of mushrooms. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2005; 2: 285-299
21 Duru KC, Kovaleva EG, Danilova IG, van der Bijl P. The pharmacological potential and possible molecular mechanisms of action of Inonotus obliquus from preclinical studies. Phytother Res 2019; 33: 1966-1980
22 Youn MJ, Kim JK, Park SY. et al. Chaga mushroom (Inonotus obliquus) induces G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14: 511-517
23 Youn M-J, Kim J-K, Park S-Y. et al. Potential anticancer properties of the water extract of Inontus obliquus by induction of apoptosis in melanoma B16-F10 cells. J Ethnopharmacol 2009; 121: 221-228
24 Zhong X-H, Wang L-B, Sun D-Z. Effects of inotodiol extracts from Inonotus obliquus on proliferation cycle and apoptotic gene of human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549. Chin J Integr Med 2011; 17: 218-223
25 Diao B-Z, Jin W-R, Yu X-J. Protective effect of polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus on streptozotocin-induced diabetic symptoms and their potential mechanisms in rats. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2014; 2014: 841496
26 Shibnev VA, Mishin DV, Garaev TM. et al. Antiviral activity of Inonotus obliquus fungus extract towards infection caused by Hepatitis C virus in cell cultures. Bull Exp Biol Med 2011; 151: 612-614
27 Bulatov P, Berezina M, Yakimov P. Chaga and its use for the treatment of stage IV cancer. Leningrad: Medgiz; 1959: 261-312
28 Lazovskaya A. Chaga and its use for the treatment of stage IV cancer. Leningrad: Medgiz; 1959: 96-104
29 Pyaskovskii S, Rikhter S. Complex investigation of physiologically active substances of lower plants. Academy of Science USSR, Moscow-Leningrad; 1961: 258-263
30 Dosychev EA, Bystrova VN. Treatment of psoriasis using chaga fungus preparations. Vestn Dermatol Venerol 1973; 47: 79-83
31 Peng H, Shahidi F. Bioactive compounds and bioactive properties of chaga (Inonotus obliquus) mushroom: A review. J Food Bioact 2020; 12: 9-75
32 Kikuchi Y, Seta K, Ogawa Y. et al. Chaga mushroom-induced oxalate nephropathy. Clin Nephrol 2014; 81: 440-444
33 Kwon O, Kim Y, Paek JH. et al. Chaga mushroom-induced oxalate nephropathy that clinically manifested as nephrotic syndrome: A case report. Medicine 2022; 101: e28997
34 Zhang Z, Liang X, Tong L. et al. Effect of Inonotus obliquus (Fr.) Pilat extract on the regulation of glycolipid metabolism via PI3K/Akt and AMPK/ACC pathways in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 273: 113963
35 Hyun KW, Jeong SC, Lee DH. et al. Isolation and characterization of a novel platelet aggregation inhibitory peptide from the medicinal mushroom, Inonotus obliquus . Peptides 2006; 27: 1173-1178