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DOI: 10.1055/a-2525-6117
Measurements of Lung Size in Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia – A Comparison of Prenatal Imaging Techniques
Messung der Lungengröße mittels Ultraschall und Magnetresonanztomografie bei Kindern mit kongenitaler Zwerchfellhernie – ein Vergleich pränataler BildgebungstechnikenAuthors
Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the correlation between different prenatal imaging techniques in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and their prognostic value.
Materials and Methods
209 fetuses with CDH were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study. The prenatal ultrasound-based and MRI-based (MRI: magnetic resonance imaging) observed-to-expected lung-to-head ratio (o/e-LHR) and MRI-based relative fetal lung volume (rFLV) were evaluated and compared. Their prediction component with respect to clinical outcome was evaluated. Mean values were compared by two-sample t-tests or the Mann-Whitney U-test. The Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test was used in order to compare qualitative parameters. Kappa coefficients, McNemar test, and Bowker’s test were used to assess the degree of agreement.
Results
The study population included 183 fetuses with left-sided and 26 fetuses with right-sided CDH. Survival did not differ significantly (74.3% vs. 80.8%, p=0.053). For every imaging technique, incidences of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and chronic lung disease decreased, and the probability of survival increased gradually reaching minima and maxima for o/e-LHR and rFLV above 35%. Outcome improved if rFLV was above 35% – compared to MRI-based measurement of o/e-LHR above 35%.
Conclusion
Our data confirm the predictive value of o/e-LHR for CDH – irrespective of the diagnostic modality. MRI evaluation of o/e-LHR was not superior compared to sonography. MRI evaluation of rFLV correlated with morbidity and mortality which can be beneficial for fetuses with an otherwise good prognosis based on higher o/e-LHR as 2D imaging techniques can underestimate the fetuses’ risk for pulmonary hypertension and ECMO.
Zusammenfassung
Ziel
Die Korrelation unterschiedlicher pränataler Bildgebungsverfahren bei kongenitaler Zwerchfellhernie (CDH) zu untersuchen und einen Vergleich ihrer prognostischen Vorhersagekraft durchzuführen.
Material und Methoden
209 Feten mit CDH wurden in die Studie eingeschlossen. Die via Ultraschall und Magnetresonanztomografie (MRT) untersuchte relative Lung-to-head-Ratio (o/e-LHR) und das relative fetale Lungenvolumen (rFLV) wurden miteinander verglichen und ihre prognostische Wertigkeit evaluiert. Mittelwerte wurden mit Two-sample-t-Tests (Zwei-Stichproben-T-Tests) oder Mann-Whitney-U-Tests verglichen.
Ergebnisse
Zwischen 183 Feten mit linksseitiger und 26 mit rechtsseitiger CDH bestand kein signifikanter Unterschied im Überleben (74.3% vs. 80,8%, p=0.053). In MRT und Ultraschall nahmen mit steigendem o/e-LHR und rFLV die Rate der extrakorporalen Membran-Oxygenierung (ECMO) und chronischen Lungenerkrankung ab und das Gesamtüberleben zu. Minimal- und Maximalwerte wurden erreicht, wenn o/e-LHR und rFLV über 35% betrugen. Das Outcome verbesserte sich, wenn das rFLV über 35% betrug – verglichen mit jener Gruppe, bei der ein o/e-LHR von über 35% prognostisch zugrunde lag.
Schlussfolgerungen
Die Daten bestätigen den prognostischen Wert von o/e-LHR und rFLV bei CDH. Die MRT-Bestimmung von o/e-LHR war der Sonografie nicht überlegen. Das rFLV korreliert mit der Morbidität und Mortalität. Seine Bestimmung kann vorteilhaft sein, insbesondere für Kinder, die basierend auf höheren o/e-LHR-Werten gute Prognosen erhalten, denn 2D-Messverfahren unterschätzen die Risiken für pulmonale Hypertonie und ECMO.
Publication History
Received: 30 May 2024
Accepted after revision: 17 October 2024
Article published online:
12 March 2025
© 2025. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial-License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Oswald-Hesse-Straße 50, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany
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