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Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2025; 133(04): 177-190
DOI: 10.1055/a-2500-0477
DOI: 10.1055/a-2500-0477
German Diabetes Association: Clinical Practice Guidelines
Nutritional Recommendations for People with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
The DDG clinical practice guidelines are updated regularly during the second half of the calendar year. Please ensure that you read and cite the respective current version.
Change 1:
rtCGM and scCGM combined as CGM systems
Reason:
A distinction no longer makes sense in this context
Change 2:
Supplementary comment on "Eating patterns"
Reason:
Increasing findings in T1Dm in the context of a vegetarian/vegan diet
ADI Acceptable Daily Intake
AID Automatic Insulin Dosing
AHEI Alternative Healthy Eating Index
BMI Body mass index
BW Body Weight
CGM Continuous Glucose Monitoring
CHO Carbohydrates
CSII Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion
CU Carbohydrate unit
d Day
DASH Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension
DHS Deutsche Hauptstelle für Suchtfragen e.V. (German Central Office for Addiction Issues e.V.)
EFSA European Food Safety Authority
EN% Energy Percent
GI Glycaemic Index
HDL High-Density Lipoprotein
HEI Healthy Eating Index
ICT Intensified conventional insulin therapy
kcal Kilocalories
LDL Low-Density Lipoprotein
MNA Mini Nutritional Assessment
MUFAs Monounsaturated Fatty Acids
PUFAs Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
RCFAs Red Cell phospholipid Fatty Acids
RCT Randomised Controlled Trials
SFAs Saturated Fatty Acids
T1Dm Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
T2Dm Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
WHO World Health Organization
WPFD Whole Plant Food Density
Publication History
Article published online:
06 May 2025
© 2025. Thieme. All rights reserved.
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