Leishmaniose

Die Leishmaniose umfasst einen Komplex von kutanen und viszeralen Erkrankungen, die durch einzellige Parasiten der Gattung Leishmania hervorgerufen werden. Die Gattung Leishmania besteht primär aus den für den Menschen bedeutsamen Subgenera Leishmania (L.) und Viannia (V.), in welchen sich ca. 20 humanpathogene Leishmania-Spezies finden. Klinisch unterscheidet man zwischen viszeraler Leishmaniose (VL), kutaner Leishmaniose (CL) und mukokutaner (MCL) bzw. mukosaler Leishmaniose (ML). Das Krankheitsbild wird vor allem durch die Erregerspezies, den Ort und die Dosis der Parasiteninokulation sowie durch die Immunantwort des Wirts bestimmt. Nach WHO-Schätzungen gibt es jedes Jahr 50000 bis 90000 Fälle von VL und 0,6 bis 1 Mio. Fälle von CL [1].

Publication History

Article published online:
04 August 2025

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